2) Search the text for the English equivalents of the words and word - combinations listed below:

• превзойти что-либо на рынке

• язык структурированных запросов

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• вырастая с... до...

• потерять капитал

• увольнение из-за отсутствия работы

• параллельная обработка

• дешевый компьютер

• операционная система Windows

• потребительский рынок

• сталкиваться с конкуренцией

• совет директоров

• вполне очевидно

• компьютерно-грамотные люди

• говоря вкратце

• сначала

• в середине шестидесятых

• интегральная схема

• отрасль науки

• миллиард долларов

• реляционная система управления базами данных РСУБД

III Comprehension Check:

1) Answer the following questions:

1. What foreign computer companies do you know?

2. What Russian computer companies do you know?

3. What do Oracle database programs allow large corporations government agencies to do?

4. What are the possibilities of Oracle Corporation?

5. How could Oracle manage to beat IBM in 1979?

6. Which company is the creator of the Windows operating system?

7. What is Intel company famous for?

2) Continue the list of computer companies. Say what they are famous for.

. Foreign Domestic

Sharp (Jap.) Vist

Microsoft (Am.) Tesis

Upgrage Tech (Taiwan.) K-Styfe

3) Using your knowledge and computer reference books write down what companies are the most important in the world among:

0 designers

0 manufacturers

0 Assemblers

0 suppliers

0 distributors

0 salers

0 service producers

4) Translate these words and word-combinations in the box. Fill in the gaps of the text with them.

advanced	encroach	motion	visual
animation	servers	proprietary	hired
associate	pioneer	gained	leading
conventional	desktop	demand	threats
gene	The Boeing	reduced	three-
sequences	Company	instruction set computing	dimensional

Silicon Graphics, Inc., manufacturer of ... computer workstations and supercomputers. The company is also a leading producer of ... computer software and microprocessors for workstations that produce ... (3-D) computer graphics. Silicon Graphics is based in Mountain

view, California.

Silicon Graphics products have been used in scientific research for such applications as analysing ..., in engineering to design such products as the 777 airplane for ..., in financial services to create ... representations of financial data, and in ... pictures to create special effects and computer ....

Silicon Graphics was founded in 1982 by James Clark, who had left an ... professorship at Stanford University to develop and market 3-9 computer graphics technology. At Silicon Graphics Clark developed the first 3-D graphics terminals and workstations for scientific and technical applications. In 1987 the company pioneered the use of work-stations featuring ... (RISC) microprocessors, designed to process data more quickly and efficiently than ... microprocessors. In 1992 Silicon Graphics acquired MIPS Computer Systems? An early producer of RISC chips.

In 1993 the company ... widespread publicity after animators used its technology to create images of dinosaurs in the film Jurassic Park, by American director Steven Spielberg. That same year Time Warner ... Silicon Graphics to develop an interactive cable television system to provide video on ... . Video game manufacturer Nintendo Co also hired the company to develop the microchips for its next-generation video game system, Nintendo 64. In 1994 Clark left Silicon Graphics to found Netscape Communications, a manufacturer of software for use on the Internet and other computer networks. In 1995 Silicon Graphics acquired Alias Research and Wavefront Technologies, two ... producers of animation software, and it joined with motion' picture production company Dreamworks SKG to develop a state-of-the-art digital animation studio.

The company's growth slowed in the mid-1990s as high performance personal computer systems began ... on its markets. In 1996, to counter such ..., Silicon Graphics introduced new computers using a faster microprocessor. These included the line of ... workstations, the Onyx visualisation super-computers, and the Origin

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line of high - performance ... . In 1996 the company also acquired Cray Research, a company that had been founded by Seymour Cray, a ... in the development of supercomputers.

5) Work in pairs. Make up the dialogue on the basis of these 2 texts. One student is supposed to be the representative of "IBM" computer corporation while the other is from "Apple". They speak about pros and cons of the firms.

IBM is one of the oldest computer firms. It was founded in 1911. Early in 1950s IBM was prosecuted for having monopoly on the market of punched cards and tabulators. The same trials took place during nearly twenty years. In 1969 the Department of Justice prosecuted IBM for monopolising the market of medium class computers for business. The trial on this prosecution was over only in 1982.

In 1979 IBM invented a new model of personal computers -PC. The processor, used in the first PCs, was Intel 8088, and the operation system - MS-DOS (MicroSoft Disk Operation System). But IBM did not develop this model until the middle of the 80s, when Apple had its greatest success. It cost nearly ten million dollars for IBM to establish the new standart - PC. But when it was established, producers in China, Taiwan and Korea started

production of PC-clones. These producers didn't worry about the quality of their computers, but their prices were lower than IBM's.

IBM always provided a high-level service for its computers. But then the sellers decided not to do this; but to make the price lower so as to be able to complete with the clones. The result of this step was that IBM lost the client's trust.

Besides, the operation system OS/2, developed by IBM, wasn't able to compete with Windows. It was never used by more then 10 per cent of PCs in the world.

In 1993, Lois V. Gerstner Jr. became Chief Executive officer

(CEO) of IBM. Since then the company has overcome the crisis. Because of Gerstner's acts, IBM was given responsibility for timing all the events in the Olympic games in 1996, a lot of the world's largest companies bought computers produced by IBM. In 1997 the supercomputer "Deeper Blue" won the chess match against the world champion Garry Kasparov. In 1996 the income of IBM was 75.9 billion dollars.

Apple is known as the firm which invented the computers called Macintosh. As professionals say, Macintosh computers are much better than PCs for artists and designers. But their shortcoming is that they are about twice as expensive as PCs. So when PCs appeared, they became more popular than Apple's computers.

But all programs for the publishing business were first written for Macintoshes. So designers in Europe and the USA, and later also in Russia, worked only with these computers.

But in 1995 the program Aldus (now Adobe) PageMaker for the PC appeared, and in 1986 the PC version of Quark-XPress, the program earlier used only in Macintoshes was issued. Now these programs work in PCs not worse than in Macintoshes. At present a lot of publishers think about whether they want to buy Macintoshes or PCs. Most of them choose PCs. Early in 1990s, a great slump in the course of Apple's actions began.

At the exhibition "MacExpo 97", which took place in Boston in August 1997, a new board of directors was introduced. The founder of Apple, Steve Jobs, was included in it. He declared that Apple decreased the production of its Macintoshes. It would concentrate its attention on two markets: design and education. Bill Gates spoke at the exhibition. He said than Microsoft would invest $150 million in Apple.

In the beginning of October, Steve Jobs became the deputy CEO of Apple. We'll see the results soon.

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6) What do people of these professions deal with?

Chairman of the Board of Directors

Chief Executive Officer manager (marketing, financial,

technical, sales, production, personnel)

Systems Analyst

Programmer

Computer technician

Computer and peripheral equipment operator

Data entry operator

Dealer

Distributor

Market Research Consultant

Chief Marketing Adviser

Ad agent

Designer

Experts

Other occupations Draw a scheme of the personnel structure of a computer company.

7) Translate from Russian into English:

1. Компания «X-Ring» представляет мониторы и разнообразные компьютерные комплектующие: материнские платы, жесткие диски, видеокарты, средства мультимедиа.

2. Компания производит высококачественные компьютерные марки для дома, бизнеса и профессионального использования.

3. Использование комплектов микросхем Intel обеспечивает большую совместимость материнских плат.

4. Фирма «Tesis» ориентируется на поставку комплексных решений "под ключ".

5. Компания SU Direct предлагает принтеры, мониторы, копиры, сканеры, компьютеры, серверы и сетевое оборудование, устройства для ламинорования, скрепления и уничтожения документов.

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6. Фирма «Soltek Computer Inc.», основанная в 1996 году, является профессиональным производителем High-end материнских плат в Тайване.

7. Наша фирма имеет в среднем около десяти лет опыта в компьютерном бизнесе.

8. За короткое время мы успешно развивались ускоренными темпами.

9. Мы также открыли 2 филиала в США и Корее.

10. Каталог «кто есть кто на компьютерном рынке России» -полный перечень компьютерных компаний в России, включая услуги, которые они обеспечивают.

11. «Sharp» - мировой лидер в производстве: офисной электроники.

12. «Panda Antivirus» - это антивирусная система решений, которая демонстрирует самые современные методы обнаружения и защиты серверов и рабочих станций.

13. Мы концентрируем внимание на контроле за качеством обслуживания: от проектирования до производства, от продажи до послепродажного сервиса.

14. Компания имеет расширенную сеть дилеров в России и странах СНГ.

8) Speak about the firm (company, corporation) you would like to work with. Advertise it! These questions will help you.

1. Which one would you choose to work with? (design, manufacture, assemble, distributive, sales firm)

2. What would be the amount of the staff?

3. What would be the structure, solutions services and products of the firm?

4. What would be the scope of the firm's activity?

5. Would there be any subsidiary companies with your firm?

6. What about the contacts with other corporations?

7. How would you assess the profits?

8. What would be the motto of your firm?

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9) Make a report on one of the computer firms, which is not mentioned in this unit.

Unit 7

What Do Engineers Use Computers For? I Pre-reading tasks:

1) Answer the following questions:

1. What does the word «engineer» come from? What is its origion?

2. Is it prestigeous to be an engineer nowadays? How popular is this profession in our country/abroad? What about the 60-s?

3. Where do engineers work? Where can we see people of this profession?

4. What types of engineers can you specify?

5. What do engineers usually work with? Nowadays/earlier?

6. How do you think engineers can use computers? For what purposes?

7. Can you recommend programms for computer engineering?

2) Words to watch:

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CAD	автоматизированное проектирование
a foothold	опора, точка опоры
to dip one's toes	глубоко проникнуть,
into the water	погрузиться в воду
to come to terms with smth.	установить отношения с
to grasp	схватить, понять, осознать
to sheen	избегать, остерегаться
to dither	колебаться
ordeal	тяжелое испытание
to implement	выполнять, осуществлять выполнение
implementation	осуществление, выполнение

implication	вовлечение, замешанность, соучастие
a sweep	размах, охват, изгиб, кругозор, развитие
the lifeblood	кровь, источник жизненной силы
preoccupied with	поглощенный мыслями, озабоченный
to deride	осмеивать, высмеивать
to hatness	запрягать, впрягать, использовать
a nut	(здесь) гайка
fittings	(здесь) фитинги, гарнитура, осветительные приборы
to customise	приспосабливать, настраивать
penetration	проникновение
to risk falling by the wayside	рисковать оставаться на обочине
versatility	многосторонность
to cast around the market	распространяться на рынке
total	общий, целый
substantial	существенный
homogeneous	однородный
t6 smooth	приглаживать, сглаживать, разглаживать, смягчать
the transfer	передача, перенос, перемещение
to transfer from ... to ...	переносить, перемещать из ... в ...
entity	существо, сущность
NC programming	информационно вычислительное сетевое программирование
CNC	числовое программное управление ЧПУ
to recap	возобновить протектор
logo	фирменный знак, логотип, эмблема, регистрационные данные
folder page	складная страница
insular way	ограниченный, замкнутый способ
layer	наслаивать, класть пластами
versus	против, в сравнении с

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II Reading tasks.

1) Read the text.

"CAD".

CAD has more than just a foothold in the British engineering industry - but many companies are still at the stage of dipping their toes into the water. Once they are in, though, they soon discover major advantages.

Coming to terms with a new technology is a familiar problem in industrial society today. Some people grasp it hungrily, others shun it, but most stand in the middle and dither, uncertain of where new technology will lead and through what ordeals it will take them.

Where implementation is difficult or implications are unclear, indecision is an understandable reaction, even in areas of industry which are at the forefront of their own particular technologies.

If one looks at the broad sweep of the engineering industry, one will usually find innovation in almost every corner - it is the lifeblood of progress. In engineering, innovation usually means design, not necessarily mind-boggling invention, but practical product development. ,.

Yet, strange to say, for an industry so preoccupied with progress, much of the innovation is still conducted solely with the traditional tools of engineering design: the drawing board, the set square and the slide rule, plus a scientific calculator if you are lucky!

It would be a foolish man who derided these valuable tools but how much greater could be their power and potential if computer aided design is also harnessed in the task.

Of course, the use of CAD is widespread in engineering in terms of its application, from small companies churning out standard components such as nuts, bolts and fittings for the motor industry, to large, multinational oil and petrochemical companies performing special, customised design tasks. But CAD's penetration within each sector remains limited. It is not deep and there are many companies

who risk falling by the wayside if they shun the opportunities for productivity and versatility which new technology offers.

Then in the middle there are a large number of firms which

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