3 Методичні вказівки щодо виконання практичних робіт

Заняття № 1

Тема: Письмове та усне мовлення.

Мета: навчити студентів користуватися лексикою до теми; розвивати культуру мовлення, розвивати письмове та усне мовлення на основі тексту «Товари і послуги» ; виховувати любов до своєї професії.

Обладнання: роздруківки завдань до теми, підручник.

Час проведення: 2 год.

План заняття

І Організаційний момент. Привітання

ІІ. Основна частина

Text 1 Read and translate the text pay attention to the new words

The stages of industry

There are three stages in the process of making saleable products from row material:

1. Extractive industry.

The raw materials are extracted from natural resources, for example the miner mines iron ore and the farmer grows wheat.

2. Processing industry.

The raw materials are processed into a form suitable for further use, for example

The iron is made into steel and the wheat is made into flour.

3. Manufacturing industry.

The result of the processing stage are made into semi-finished and finished goods,

for example the steel is made into knives and the flour is made into bread. Finished goods are goods which are complete in themselves, for example steel forks. Semi-finished goods must be assembled before they can be used, for example wooden knife handles and steel knife blades.

Exercise 1. What kind of industry do I work in?

1. I'm a market gardener.

2. My company produces computers.

3. I work on an oil rig in the North Sea.

1. In my spare time, I spin wool and sell it to companies which make exclusive knitwear.

4. I'm a carpenter.

5. I'm a deep-sea fisherman.

6. We make jewellery.

7. We make leather.

8. I'm a cotton weaver.

10. My company makes steel girders for bridges.

Exercise 2. Are these FINISHED or SEMI-FINISHED goods?

1. Umbrellas

2. Table legs

3. Computer monitors

4. Bottle tops

5. Door handles

6. Toys

7. Bicycle saddles

8. Filcments for light bulbs

9. Carpets

10. Shoelaces

Speaker & Listener / Writer & Reader

When we speak, we usually need to be in the same place and time as the other person. Despite this restriction, speaking does have the advantage that the speaker receives instant feedback from the listener. The speaker can probably see immediately if the listener is bored or does not understand something, and can then modify what he or she is saying.

When we write, our words are usually read by another person in a different place and at a different time. Indeed, they can be read by many other people, anywhere and at any time. And the people reading our words, can do so at their leisure, slowly or fast. They can re-read what we write, too. But the writer cannot receive immediate feedback and cannot (easily) change what has been written.

How Speaking and Writing Influence Each Other

In the past, only a small number of people could write, but almost everybody could speak. Because their words were not widely recorded, there were many variations in the way they spoke, with different vocabulary and dialects in different regions. Today, almost everybody can speak and write. Because writing is recorded and more permanent, this has influenced the way that people speak, so that many regional dialects and words have disappeared. (It may seem that there are already too many differences that have to be learned, but without writing there would be far more differences, even between, for example, British and American English.) So writing has had an important influence on speaking. But speaking can also influence writing. For example, most new words enter a language through speaking. Some of them do not live long. If you begin to see these words in writing it usually means that they have become "real words" within the language and have a certain amount of permanence.

Influence of New Technology

Modern inventions such as sound recording, telephone, radio, television, fax or email have made or are making an important impact on both speaking and writing. To some extent, the divisions between speaking and writing are becoming blurred. Emails are often written in a much less formal way than is usual in writing. With voice recording, for example, it has for a long time been possible to speak to somebody who is not in the same place or time as you (even though this is a one-way communication: we can speak or listen, but not interact). With the telephone and radiotelephone, however, it became possible for two people to carry on a conversation while not being in the same place. Today, the distinctions are increasingly vague, so that we may have, for example, a live television broadcast with a mixture of recordings, telephone calls, incoming faxes and emails and so on. One effect of this new technology and the modern universality of writing has been to raise the status of speaking. Politicians who cannot organize their thoughts and speak well on television win very few votes.

1. Retell the text, using the plan to it.

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