Тема: Транспортування товару. Як вимовляються німецькі приголосні?

Мета: навчити студентів правильно користуватися лексикою до теми, акцептувати чи відхиляти пропозиції; розвивати навички монологічного та діалогічного мовлення, навички послідовного перекладу; виховувати культуру мовлення, повагу до оточуючих.

Обладнання: роздруківки завдань до теми, підручник.

Час проведення: 2 години.

План заняття

І Організаційний момент. Привітання

II. Перевірка домашнього завдання.

ІІІ. Основна частина.

Domestic and ocean shipping

When sending goods by ship, the carrier is the shipping line. Like all other forms of transport, shipping has certain advantages and disadvantages for the consignor and consignee

It is the cheapest form of transport over longer distances. The ports of a country may be accessible even when foreigners aren't allowed into the country itself. Unlimited distances can be covered (e.g. between continents). Large quantities can be transported.

It is the slowest means of transport. It may be subject to delays and weather conditions. The network of inland waterways is relatively limited. It may be necessary to transport the goods a long distance to reach a port. The insurance costs are relatively high.

Domestic shipping

Domestic shipping runs on inland waterways such as rivers, lakes and canals. One important service provided by domestic shipping is the feeder service, which brings goods along inland waterways to the international quays where they can be loaded directly onto ocean-going ships for transportation abroad. This saves considerable time and effort compared with transporting goods to the port by road or rail and then bringing them to the quay for loading.

The transport document used specifically for domestic shipping is the river bill of lading (also called the inland waterways bill of lading).

Ocean shipping

The goods are transported on the open sea or ocean.

There are several types of sea-going ship which carry cargo:

• Liners sail on fixed routes and keep to a schedule. They mainly transport general cargo.

• Tramps take any cargo they can get and sail to any port required. They do not follow a schedule or any fixed route.

• Coasters travel from one port to another along the coast of a country. They are not used for inter­national shipping.

The transport document used specifically for ocean shipping is the ocean bill of lading.

liner

tramp

coaster

ocean bill of lading

Road transport

Goods which need careful handling, such as fruit, are often sent by road, as they only need to be loaded and unloaded once. Normally they are sent as general cargo. The carrier responsible for transporting goods by road is the haulage company.

Advantages and disadvantages of road transport

It is very fast over short distances.

The extensive road network means that most destinations can be reached.

It is relatively secure — even valuable items such as cash reserves can be transported by specialist companies

Door-to-door transportation minimises the need for handling — goods only have to be loaded and unloaded once

Only small quantities can be transported.

There is a relatively high risk of accidents and delays through traffic jams.

It is expensive and time-consuming over longer distances; intercontinental transportation is virtually impossible.

Another advantage of sending goods by road (although it is also possible with other means of transport) is the opportunity of using a grouped consignment service. If a trader only has a small quantity of cargo to send, he can collaborate with other sellers with small consignments all going to the same destination. The various part consignments are then sent together as one whole consignment, which reduces the transport costs for everybody involved. One of the people who organises grouped consignments is the forwarding agent. He is the intermediary between the buyer, seller and carriers

Other services which he provides are delivering goods from the seller to the carrier, transporting goods with his own lorries, arranging special packaging and providing storage space for goods which are to be dispatched at a later date.

The transport documents essential to road transport are the international consignment note (CMR) if a haulage company is used, and the Forwarding Agent's Certificate of Receipt (FCR) for transportation by a forwarding agent.

haulage company

grouped consignment

forwarding agent

intermediary

consignment note

Forwarding Agent's

Certificate of Receipt

Railway transport

If goods are transported by train, the carrier is the railway company. The price of railway transport depends on how fast the goods are to travel: the slow goods train is cheaper than the passenger train, and the express train is the fastest and most expensive of all.

Advantages and disadvantages of railway transport

Virtually all types of cargo can The railways may

be transported. be affected by

strikes Virtually any distance can be

covered. There is a relati-

Large quantities can be transported.

The transport document needed for railway transport is the rail consignment note.

Air transport

Air transport is chosen when the goods are valuable, fragile or urgently needed. The carrier is the airline.

Advantages and disadvantages:

Air transport is fast. It is relatively expensive.

It is a secure form of transport, which means that insu­rance costs are low.

There is no limita­tion as to distance.

It is subject to delays and strikes.

It is not practical for short distances.

It may be necessary to send the goods some distance to reach

the cargo terminal of an airport.

The transport document necessary when goods are dispatched by air is the air waybill.

Домашнє завдання: давати відповідь на питання

Which form or forms of transport would you choose for the following consignments, and why? What kind of cargo is involved in each case?

1. A large consignment of cars from Hamburg to Dresden.

2. A small consignment of flour from Wales to London.

3. A small consignment of china from London to Moscow.

4. An urgently needed consignment of tea from Bombay to Boston.

5. A cargo of timber (wood) from Germany to England via Rotterdam.

6. A consignment of diamonds from Cape Town to Cairo.

7. A large consignment of coal from Sheffield to Leeds (both in the north of England).

8. A cargo of bananas from the Caribbean to Dublin.

9. A large consignment of lorries from London to Warsaw.

10. A small consignment of cheese from Switzerland to the USA

Заняття № 13