1.1 Суфікси на позначення назви спортсменів

У нашому дослідженні розглядається один із способів словотворення в англійській мові, а саме: творення суфіксальним способом іменників найменування особи, який одним із найпотужніших джерел поповнення лексичного фонду сучасної англійської мови.

З часу заснування перших Олімпійських ігор було небагато видів спорту. Але із вдосконаленням людського побуту, прогрес поширювався і на фізичну культуру. Так з’явилися і нові видозміни спорту на базі вже існуючих, а нові слова утворювались шляхом додавання до коренів нових суфіксів. Наприклад: sportsman – a man who takes part in sports (sports – is organized by the rules of human activities which consists in comparing their physical and intellectual abilities), esp of the outdoor type; a person who exhibits qualities highly regarded in sport, such as fairness, generosity, observance of the rules, and good humour when losing.

Подальші дослідження ми проведемо на підставі аналізу текстів на спортивну тематику, а саме – будемо встановлювати, яким спобом утворились нові слова-назви спортивних професій, учасників змагань з різних видів спорту. Тематично ми поділили дану групу суфіксів за такими розділами:

1. Олімпійські ігри;

2. Зимові види спорту;

3. Літні виви спорту;

4. Ескеремальні види спорту;

5. Спеціальності, які пов’язані із спортом.

2.1.Олімпійські ігри

gamer – a person who plays computer games or participates in a role-playing

game (game – a contest with rules, the result being determined by skill,

strength, or chance)

athlete – a person who has a natural aptitude for physical activities in athletics;

(athletics – the theory or practice of athletic activities and training)

Wrestler – a person by holding, throwing, etc., without punching with the closed

fist, is great in wrestling; (wrestling – any of certain sports in which the

contestants fight each other according to various rules governing holds

and usually forbidding blows with the closed fist)

foot racer – a person who races; (races – the races a series of contests of speed

between horses (or sometimes greyhounds) over a set course at

prearranged times)

chariot racer – a person who drives two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle used in

ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, etc., in war, races, and processions;

posible was pulled by four horses each chariot (chariot – a two-

wheeled horse-drawn vehicle used in ancient Egypt, Greece,

Rome, etc., in war, races, and processions;

2) a light four-wheeled horse-drawn ceremonial carriage)

Rower – a person who entering the lists competition to rowing; (rowing boat –

chiefly a small boat propelled by one or more pairs of oars Usual US and

Canadian word: rowboat)

Розглянемо, як використовуються дані слова в тексті

Olympic Games

The Olympic Games is the greatest international sport event in the world, in which thousands of athletes compete in different types of sports. The Olympic idea means friendship, fraternity and cooperation among the people of the world.

The original Olympic Games began in ancient Greece in 776 B.C. These games were part of a festival held every fourth year in honour of God Zeus in the town called Olympia. It was a great athletic festival, including competitions in wrestling, foot racing and chariot racing, rowing and others. All athletes competed naked. The Olympic Games took place from the 8th century BC till the 4th century AD. In the late 19th century, Baron Pierre de Coubertin decided to revive the Olympic Games. For this purpose, he founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894, and two years later, in 1896 the modern summer Olympic Games were established in Athens.

The Games are currently held every two years, with Summer and Winter Olympic Games alternating. The Olympic motto is «Citius, Altius, Fortius», which is Latin for «Swifter, Higher, Stronger» [5, с. 125].

Winter sports

figure-skater – a person who ice skating; (ice skating – a boot having a steel blade

fitted to the sole to enable the wearer to glide swiftly over ice;

the steel blade on such a boot or shoe ice-skate )

shooter – a person or thing that shoots; (shoot – to hit, wound, damage, or kill

with a missile discharged from a weapon;

to fire (a weapon) or (of a weapon) to be fired)

hunter – a person that seeks out and kills or captures in hunt; (hunt – to seek out

and kill or capture (game or wild animals) for food or sport;

the act or an instance of hunting)

skier – a person who skiing; (skiing – is a recreational activity and competitive

winter sport in which the participant uses skis to glide on snow)

tobogganer – a person who a light wooden frame on runners used for sliding

over snow and ice; (toboggan – a light wooden frame on runners

used for sliding over snow and ice ;a long narrow sledge made of a

thin board curved upwards and backwards at the front )

jumper – a person that jumps; (jump – to leap by using the muscles in the legs

and feet)

snowboarder – a person can stand to slide across snow board; (snowboard – a

shaped board, resembling a skateboard without wheels, on which a

person can stand to slide across snow)

skater – a person who skating; (skating – involves any sports or recreational

activity which consists of traveling on surfaces or on ice using skates)

curlinger – a person who played on ice curling; (curling – a game played on ice,

esp in Scotland and Canada, in which heavy stones with handles

(curling stones) are slid towards a target )

Usually, when talking about winter sports we have in mind all sports having to do with ice and snow.

The most popular outdoor winter sports are figure skating, shooting, hunting, bobsleighing, hockey and, in the countries where the weather is frosty and there is much snow – skiing and tobogganing. It's so nice to go to the skating-rink on a frosty sunny day. Some people prefer to be out of town in such weather and to sledge or to ski in the woods. Many people greatly enjoy figure-skating, ski-jumping, snowboarding and curling [5, с. 128].

Summer Sports

boxer – a person who fond of boxing, either professionally or as a hobby;

(boxing – the act, art, or profession of fighting with the fists, esp the

modern sport practised under Queensberry rules)

goalkeeper – a player in the goal whose duty is to prevent the ball, puck, etc.,

from entering or crossing it; (goal – the net, basket, etc. into or over

which players try to propel the ball, puck, etc., the position of

goalkeeper)

swimmer – a person who swimming; (swimming – to move along in water, etc.,

by means of movements of the body or parts of the body, esp the arms

and legs tail and fins)

gymnast – a person who is skilled or trained in gymnastics; (gymnastics –

practice or training in exercises that develop physical strength and

agility or mental capacity; gymnastic exercises)

weightlifter – a person who іs to move or cause to move upwards weights;

(weight – a measure of the heaviness of an object; the amount

anything weighs; to move or cause to move upwards;

lift – to move or cause to move upwards)

basketballer – a person who the inflated ball used in basketball; (basketball –

a game played by two opposing teams of five men (or six women)

each, usually on an indoor court. Points are scored by throwing the

ball through an elevated horizontal metal hoop).

golfer – a person who to play golf; (golf – a game played on a large open course,

the object of which is to hit a ball using clubs, with as few strokes as

possible, into each of usually 18 holes)

skateboarder – a person who skates a lot of time skateboarding;

(skateboarding – a jump into the air executed by stamping on the

tail of the board)

cyclist or cycler – a person who rides or travels by bicycle, motorcycle, etc

(bicycle – a vehicle with a tubular metal frame mounted on two

spoked wheels, one behind the other. The rider sits on a saddle,

propels the vehicle by means of pedals that drive the rear wheel

through a chain, and steers with handlebars on the front wheel;

motorcycle – a two-wheeled vehicle, having a stronger frame than a

bicycle, that is driven by a petrol engine, usually with a capacity of

between 125 cc and 1000 cc)

chess-player – a person who plays a chess; (chess – a game of skill for two players

using a chessboard on which chessmen are moved. Initially each

player has one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two

knights, and eight pawns, which have different types of moves

according to kind. The object is to checkmate the opponent's king)

player – a person who plays a game or sport professionally;

runner – a person who runs, esp an athlete; (run – to move on foot at a rapid pace

so that both feet are off the ground together for part of each stride)

Summer affords excellent opportunities for swimming, boating, yachting, cycling, gliding and many other sports. Among outdoor games football takes the first place in public interests; this game is played in all the countries of the world.

The other games that have firmly established themselves in favour in different countries are cricket, volley-ball, basketball, and so on. Badminton is also very popular both with young and old. All the year round many people indulge in boxing, wrestling, gymnastics and track and field events. Scores of young girls and women go in for callisthenics. Over the last few years aerobics has become popular with young girls and women. Aerobics helps them to be slim, healthy and strong. The interest for it greatly increased thanks to Jane Fonda, a prominent American actress, the founder of this kind of sport. This woman may serve as an impressive example of inexhaustible health, cheerfulness and beauty. Being a great enthusiast of aerobics she has been trying to initiate many women all over the world into this sport.

Among indoor games which one can go in for all the year round are billiards, table tennis, draughts, chess, of course. The results of chess tournaments are studied and discussed by enthusiasts in different countries [5, с. 130].

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