Call for projects to
Implement the National Ecotourism Strategy
The National Ecotourism Strategy, released on 10 March 1994 by the Minister for Tourism, the Hon Michael Lee MP, aims to establish a national framework to guide the planning, development and management of tourism in natural environments while maintaining environmental quality. The Government has allocated $10 million for the implementation of the Strategy ($2 million each year in 1993-94 and 1994-95, and %3 million each year in 1995-96 and 1996-97).
Categories available for funding in 1993-94 include:
Infrastructure projects;
Scientific research and baseline studies;
Ecotourism education;
Energy and waste minimisation practices;
Business development skills; and
Integrated regional planning pilot projects.
Project should focus on important issues which are initially regional or site-specific in scope but which are nationally significant in terms of innovation, demonstration and the potential to achieve positive change in the industry.
In view of the funds available, only a limited number of outstanding projects will be funded in each category. A specific requirement of any approved project will be that its outcomes or results can be documentated and widely disseminated to enhance community and industry knowledge and to provide positive examples for the development of the industry.
ELIGIBILITY
Funding is available to relevant government and non-government organisations, including research and training bodies; conservation groups; professional associations; educational institutions; indigenous communities and regional development organisations.
Applicants should have a proven record of achievement in the area and the ability to deliver specified results within a limited time frame.
ASSESSMENT
Applications will be assessed against program objectives and administrative criteria for each of the project categories.
An information package which includes background information, an application form and the terms of reference can be obtained by leaving a message on the Department of Tourism's information line (ph 008 804 465) or by facsimile (06) 239 6411.
Further information about the program can be obtained from Ms Jill Grant (ph (06) 279 7218; fax (06)239 6411).
The closing date for applications is 22 April 1994
147
T 0 U R I S M
Activity 6
a As an individual, a small group or a whole class, sec yourself a project task chosen from the six categories listed in Figure 5.34 on page 147.
b Prepare a submission for funding - see Figure 5.33 on pages 146 and 147 - that guarantees promotion of ecotourism and protection of environmental quality. An example for each of the six funding categories is provided as follows.
1 Infrastructure projects
Constructing a boardwalk over sand dunes near a whale-watching site
Scientific research and baseline studies Undertaking research in order to establish the numbers in a colony of fairy penguins (or other animals) and the extent of the animals' tolerance to interference from tourists
Ecotourism education
Implementing a program for training tourist-coach drivers about the value of central Australia's natural environments and Aboriginal heritage and lifestyles
4 Energy- and waste-minimisation practices Constructing a model development in one of Australia's alpine areas, in which wastage and energy consumption are minimised
.5 Business-development skills Developing an initiative for enhancing development and management skills in a Great Barrier Reef tourism business so that long-term business practices
protect the natural tourism site and therefore protect the investment
ensure that the tourism-industry employers take responsibility for educating their workers in caring for the environment in ways through which tourists learn to respect the things they come to see
6 Integrated regional planning pilot projects Implementing a pilot project in a mining town, such as Broken Hill, that incorporates the local mining industry, tourism operators, local government tourism policy, accommodation providers, local traders, local heritage-and-conservation groups, and residents
The pristine environment of Hog Bay, Penneshaw, at the north-eastern end of Kangaroo Island
148
Index
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
tourism ventures 42, 43 accommodation, styles of 94
activity, as decision-making factor 8
adventure holidays 94
adventurous lype 10. 20
advertising 14, 20
Africa, sustainable tourism in 114—21 age, of tourists 9, 10
'Age of Discovery' of travel 47
air travel and tourism 52
between Australia and overseas
destinations 60-1
futuristic view 101-2, 103 aircraft 104
future developments 100-1, 103 Airlie Beach, Queensland 1 alpine tourism, potential conflicts in
23-30
alpine trekking 7
Amboseli Masai National Park, Kenya 118-19
Ambua Lodge, Tari basin, PNG 17,
23, 25, 26
annual holiday 45, 50-1 Antarctica 29
Arnhem Land Escarpment 121, 122 Asia
sex tourism in 62-3
sun-surf-and-fun tourism 63-4
tourism in 63-6 Asia-Pacific cruise 15 Australia
ecotourism in 109-14, 115
itinerary for Canadian tourists to 36
socioeconomic and population
changes 91
tourist perceptions of, and interviews about 38-9
tourists visiting 53-8 Australian destinations, popularity of
56 Australian Formula One Grand Prix,
Melbourne 96, 97 Australian tourism 2, 40-1
data for 89-90
future view of 114, 115
icons of 37
market trends in 19, 21
trends in 96-7
see also domestic tourism
Australians
interstate travel of 58-9
overseas travel of 11-12, 57, 58-61
possible overseas destinations
of 20 Australia's regions, and their
ecotourism characteristics 111-12 avalanches 28
Bali 16, 25, 125
Banff National Park, Canada 28, 30 biodiversity, protecting 117, 118 biophysical environments 104
conflict in 23-30
impact of tourism on 62-3, 79, 82,
107
in Africa 114-21
planning and research in 18-19 bird life 93, 117 Bogong Alpine Area
management plan for 26
usage of 26-7 Borobodur Temple, Java 32 Botswana, ecotourism in 115-16,117 British, travel by 12 bushwalking tracks 26
Canterbury Tales 46
cattle grazing 26-7
challenging tourism 92
classification of tourist activities
by age, cost and activity level 10
by level of cost and control 8
by level of cost and tourism environment 8
climatic regions, Australia, ecotourism characteristics of 111-13
coastal resorts 7, 48, 49, 51 ecological impacts of 64-6 economic return for 64 in Thailand 81-5
code of ethics for tourists 105-6
conventions 94
cruises 14, 15
Crusades 46-7
cultural tourism 5, 7, 35, 92, 94, 107
culturally sensitive tourism 109
day-trippers 11
destination, as decision-malting factor 8 diseases, spread of 104
Disneyland 14
domestic tourism 2, 16, 40-1, 58, 113
characteristics of 41 drifter 5
early travel 45-7
ecologically sustainable tourism 109-
10, 114-21
economic cost-benefit analysis, of
tourist projects 19 economic importance, of tourism 2,
89, 97-100
ecotourism 7, 50, 62, 92, 95, 107-8
advantages for Australia 113-14
ecological sustainability and
cultural sensitivity in Australia
of 109-10
impacts of 114
in Africa 114-21
national strategy for 147-8
in Australia's regions 111-13 educational tourism 92, 93, 94 environmental impact, of tourism
projects 18-19, 79, 82 Europe-Middle East, perceptions of
39-40 expectations of consumers 14
explorer 4
export earnings 2
farm tourism 94
Fiji, tourism in 85-8, 125
fishing and hunting lodges 94
Flinders Chase National Park, Kangaroo Island 129, 130
foreign-exchange earnings from tourism 64
foreign investment, in tourism industry 63
foreign tourists see tourists visiting Australia
forestry 26
four-wheel-drive touring 94, 95, 117
future travel 100-1
Gili Islands, Lombok 74-6 Gili Trawangan land, Lombok 76-8 Gold Coast, attractions of 48, 49 governments, role of 20
Grampians (Gariwerd) 30
Grand Canyon, Arizona 17, 31
Great Barrier Reef 4, 124
visitor nights at 90
149
,v
TOUR I S M
hallmark events 92
Hardy Reef, Great Barrier Reef 4, 124
health resorts 48-9
healthy holidays 92
heritage tourism 107
high-speed civil transport 101, 103
Himalayas 95, 109. 121, 122
Hinchinbrook Island, Queensland 20
historical development of travel
45-52
holiday homes 50
Hong Kong 32
Hwange National Park.
Zimbabwe 35,
116
icons 33, 36, 37
image of destinations, and the reality of 31-2, 33, 34-5
impact of tourism 62-88
impressions, of places and environments 31
impulse holidays 92
indigenous culture, and tourism 21, 25, 42, 43 in Africa 114-21 in Asia 62, 63-85 in Fiji 86-8
individual mass tourist 4
Indonesia, tourism in 16, 25, 66-78, 90, 125
infrastructure 20-1
international tourism, historical development of 45-7, 49
international travel (by Australians) 11-12, 57, 58-61
international travel (to Australia) see tourists visiting Australia
interstate travel (by Australians) 58-9
investigating tourism issues 123-48
investment capital 18
issues questions 21-2
jobs and skills, in tourism industry 18
Kangaroo Island, South Australia history and geographical features of 125-7 Tandanya development
history of 138-41
objections to 131-5
opponents' and supporters'
views about 141-3
proposal for 129-31
site details of 144-5
submissions and petition about
135-8 tourism-development conflict about
125^7, 148 tourism strategy for 127, 128
tourist attractions of 127, 128
Kenya, ecotourism in 116, 118-21 Kingscote District Council, and
Tandanya development 130-2,134,
136-8, 139
Ko Pha-Ngan, Thailand 85, 86 Ko Phi Phi Don. Thailand 82-3 Ko Samui, Thailand 83-5
Ko Tao, Thailand 85, 86
labour, for tourism industry 18
Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe 116
Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya
119-20, 121
leisure, in comparison with recreation and tourism 6-7
location of the destination 16 Lombok Island, Indonesia
economy of 66
Senggigi area of 68-74
tourism on 66-74
tourist-facility development on 66-8
Malaysia, tourism in 65-6, 78-81
Maldives 64
marketing 19-20
marketplace 19, 20
diversity in Australia 21
Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya 119. 120, 121
mass tourist 4
migration 45
mineral baths and spas, health benefits of 48-9
Monkey Mia dolphins, Western Australia 124
Mount Olga 23
mountain tourism and timing of particular activities 29
impact of alternative decisions about 29
potential conflicts in 23-30
resolving the issue of 29-30
who is involved in the issue 28
why the issue has arisen 28
mountains, and their attractiveness as tourist destinations 23, 24
National Ecotourism Strategy 147-8 national parks
in Africa 116, 118, 119-20, 121
in Australia 111, 112, 130
in Canada 28, 29, 30
in the United States 29, 30, 93,121,
122, 124
limitation on numbers in 29, 30 National Tourism Strategy 91
natural environment see ecotourism
nature reserves, Africa 116. 118, 119 niche markets 19, 21, 91
non-tourism leisure activities 6
offroad safaris 94
Okavango River Delta, Botswana
115-16, 117
Olympic Games, Sydney 2000 97-100
organised mass tourist 4 overnighters 11 overseas travel (by Australians.) see
international travel (by Australians) overseas visitors see tourists visiting
Australia
package holidays 50
Pakistan 95, 109, 122
Pangkor Island, Malaysia, new developments on78-81
Papua New Guinea highlands 16,17,
23, 25, 26 peace and quiet, tourists seeking 92 perceptions
importance of 32-8
of Australia, and tourist interview
38-39
of Europe-Middle East, and tourist
interview 39-40
of tourist destinations, and student
views 42-4
who is creating them 45 personality types, of tourists 10, 20
Phuket, Thailand 82
pilgrimages 46, 47
planning see research and planning poaching 118-19
population growth, impact on
tourism of 104
promenading 49
promotional literature, Australian icons in 37 publicity 20
Queensland, tourist attractions in 1, 20, 48, 49
railways, impact on travel of 49, 50-1 recreation, comparison with leisure
and tourism 6-7
recreation leave 45, 51
Redang Island, Malaysia 65 remote places, tourism in 92 Renaissance period 47 research and planning of tourism
projects 18-19, 123
becoming actively involved in 124
considering the long-term impacts
when undertaking 123-4
selected issues in 124—5
150
INDEX
retiring type 10, 20
River Zambesi 116. 117
scenic areas, as overseas tourist
drawcard 113
sea bathing,
popularity of 49 ' sea voyages 49
Senggigi area, west Lombok 68-74
tourism in and local people of 69,
70-2 service industries 21, 22
sex tourism 62-3
site of tourist facilities 17-18
ski resorts and facilities 28, 29
social impact, of tourism projects
18-19
Sonaisali Island, Viti Levu, Fiji 86-7
spa baths 48-9
special events, impact on tourism of
96-100 stereotypical images 33, 34-5 submissions
how to prepare them 145, 146-7
Tandanya development,
Kangaroo
Island 135-8
summer holiday, in Australia 51
sun-and-surf tourism 51, 63-4
sustainable tourism
in Africa 114-21
in Australia 109-10
Switzerland 26-7, 28-9
Sydney 2000 Olympic Games 97-100
disadvantages of 98-9
economic benefits of 97-8, 99, 100
foreign tourists visiting 99 Sydney, as favourite Australian destination 56 Sydney Harbour 31-2
Tandanya development see Kangaroo Island technology for helping tourists 102, 107
Tegelberg, Germany 28
Thailand, tourism in 64, 81-5
tour i
reasons why people 11
reasons why people do not 11-12 who does and who does not 10-11
touring holidays 92
tourism and development conflict, Kangaroo Island 125-47, 148 attitudes towards 105-6 coastal areas, Thailand 81-5
concepts of 12, 13
definition of 4, 105
impact on traditional culture see indigenous culture
importance of 45
in Asia 63-6
in comparison with leisure and
recreation 6-7
in Fiji 85-8
in Lombok Island, Indonesia
66-74
in Pangkor Island, Malaysia 78-81
issues of 2, 3-4, 124-5
issues questions of 21—2, 126
long-term trends of 101-7
the big picture of 1
trends in 90-5. 96-7
types of 7
within Australia see Australian tourism; domestic tourism tourism industry 12-21
foreign investment in 63
marketplace for 19, 20
response to recent tourists'
demands in 93-4
worldwide 2, 3-4
tourism product 14-16 tourism projects,
research and
planning 18-19. 123-5
tourism resource 14 Tourist Accommodation (Tandanya)
Zone Supplementary Development
Plan see Kangaroo Island tourist activities
classification models for 7.9, 10
future outlook for 103
tourist adaptation, to local norms 18 tourist destinations
convenience of access to 16
futuristic 102, 104
image and the reality of 31-2
life cycle of 16
location and site factors of 16-18
student views about 42-4
tourist interviews 38-40
tourist movement, control of 104 tourists
code of ethics for 105, 106
definition of 2,4,11
demands of and trends about
91-2
types of 4-5
what they look for 31-2
tourists visiting Australia 36, 38-9,
53-8
actual and predicted numbers of
54-5
and Sydney 2000 Olympic
Games 99
intended length of stay of 55
money spent in Australia by 57
nights spent in Australia by 57
purposes for visit of 57
scenic areas as vital factor for 113 states of destination of 55
training in hospitality and travel 18
transport, and its convenience to destinations 16
travel
during the mid- to late- twentieth century 49-50
from the seventeenth to the early-twentieth century 48-9
future view about 100-1
historical development of 45-52 new forms of 102, 103-4
travel brochures, image and the reality of 31-2
travel information, sources of 40, 4l
Uluru 11, 14, 16, 17, 24
Venice, Italy 125
Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe 116,118, 125
wealth, impact on travel of 51, 91 wilderness 93, 94, 111-12, 117-22 wildlife 93, 116-21 World Heritage areas 111, 112, 113
Yellowstone National Park 29 Yosemite National Park 29, 30, 121, 122, 124
Zimbabwe, tourism in 116, 117, 118, 125
151