Упражнения

1. Проанализируйте употребление времен сказуемого в следующих предложениях

а) 1. I have been waiting for you for a long time. 2. You have been watching TV too long. 3. She has been teaching English since last year. 4. I'm tired. I have been working for several hours. 5. It is still cold as it has been raining since morning. 6. How long have you been studying English? – For five years. 7. Since when have you been doing your homework? – Since 9 o'clock.

б) 1. I had been working for a long time when you came. 2. My father had been repairing the roof for two hours till it began raining. 3. He had been painting the floor for an hour before he asked me to help him.

в) 1. By the end of this year we shall have been learning English for six years. 2. By next September my mother will have been working as a teacher for twenty-five years. 3. I shall have been repairing the car for two days before I dare to drive it.

2. Поставьте следующие предложения в the Past и the Future Perfect Continuous Tenses, употребляя соответствующие обстоятельства времени

1. I have been learning the new words for an hour, but I don't remember them. 2. Jane has been writing letters to her friends since morning. 3. My father has been reading newspapers since he came back from his office. 4. It has been raining heavily all day long. 5. The boys have been playing football for 2 hours. 6. You have been speaking on the phone for half an hour already.

3. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам

1. They have been watching TV programmes since morning. 2. We have been living in a new district of Minsk for two years. 3. They had been sitting in silence for a long time before he spoke. 4. My brother had been studying abroad for some years. 5. He will have been waiting for my telephone call all day long. 6. I shall have been waiting for Kate for an hour and not longer.

4. Раскройте скобки, употребив нужную видовременную форму

1. It is a very boring novel. I (read) it for two weeks, though I usually (read) books quickly. 2. She (live) in Gomel since she (be) born. 3. The children (skate) in the park for two hours before they went to the cinema. 4. We (lie) on the beach since early morning. 5. She (learn) English for a year before she goes abroad. 6. Since when they (work) here? 7. How long Ann (translate) the text? 8. It (rain) for two days. There will be a flood soon. 9. How long you (drive)? – I (drive) five years. 10. The police (look) for the thief for a week already. 11. How long you (save) money before you went abroad for the first time? 12. We were very tired at the end of the journey because we (travel) for more than 20 hours. 13. Is it all right if I come at about 9? – Fine. I (watch) the match on TV for about two hours but it will have finished by that time. 14. It was 7 p.m.; and we were tired because we (work) hard all day long.

Сравнительная характеристика форм настоящего времени

В английском языке существует четыре формы настоящего времени: the Present Indefinite (настоящее неопределенное), the Present Continuous (настоящее длительное), the Present Perfect (настоящее завершенное) и the Present Perfect Continuous (настоящее завершенно-длительное).

Все формы настоящего времени обозначают действия, рассматриваемые по отношению к моменту речи. Выбор конкретной формы определяется тем, каким образом действие соотносится с настоящим моментом: протекает в данный момент, длится какой-то указанный период времени, закончено к моменту речи либо просто представлено в настоящем времени. Например:

I translate many articles every day. Каждый день я перевожу много статей.

I am translating an article now. Сейчас я перевожу статью.

I have just translated an article. Я только что перевел статью.

I have been translating this article Я перевожу эту статью уже два часа.

for two hours already.

Для Present Indefinite достаточно указания на то, что действие происходит в настоящем времени регулярно, постоянно, но не в момент речи (every day, usually, as a rule).

Для Present Continuous, кроме указания на настоящее время, необходимо подчеркнуть момент протекания действия во время речи или в ближайший незаконченный период времени (today, this week, this evening, now).

The Present Perfect обозначает действие, свершившееся к моменту речи. Для него характерны наречия already, just, ever, never, lately, recently, etc., в то время как в Present Continuous широко употребляется предлог at – в. Несмотря на то, что в русском языке действия, выраженные в Present Perfect переводятся прошедшим временем, в английском они воспринимаются в настоящем времени, т.к. привязаны к настоящему результатом этого действия.

I have read the book. = I know its contents now.

Я прочитал книгу. Я знаю ее содержание. (результат).

Так же как и Present Continuous, Present Perfect Continuous обозначает длительное действие, возможно протекающее и в момент речи. Однако в отличие от Present Continuous, Present Perfect Continuous содержит указание на полный период его протекания (for 2 hours, since 1970).

Так же, как и в Present Perfect действие, выраженное в Present Perfect Continuous, может завершиться к моменту речи, но в отличие от Present Perfect в Present Perfect Continuous точно указан начальный момент либо период этого длительного действия.

Present Perfect Continuous переводится на русский язык глаголом в настоящем времени часто с наречием уже.

The Present Indefinite

Утвердительная форма

Вопросительная форма

Отрицательная форма

I write

h e