2.8.Ответьте на вопросы.
1.What revolutionized transportation in the second half of the 19th century?
2.Who were pioneers in the Europian automobile manufacturing?
3.When did the Daimler and Benz firms merge?
4.Who developed a high-speed internal combustion engine?
Unit 3.Components of the Automobile.
3.1.Прочитайте слова, соблюдая указанную транскрибцию и ударение.
a в открытом слоге [ei]: brake, frame, rotáte, básical, radio, indicátor;
в закрытом слоге [æ]: axle, fact, tank, back, hand, catch, mass, dash;
i, y в открытом слоге [ai]: device, final, drive, hydráulic, skype, lícence;
в закрытом слоге [i]: spring, system, friction, quick, shift, lift, switch;
u в открытом слоге [ju:] или [u:]: include, fuel, use, rule, infuse, tuning;
в закрытом слоге [ʌ]: clutch, pump, function, trunk, number, rubber;
igh [ai]: high, light, right, bright, night, delight, sight, fight, might, slight;
au [ɔ:]: August, cause, autumn, because, hydraulic, exhaust, auto, saucer.
[g] или [ʤ]? Get, large, engine, give, gear, merge, green, go, game, good, German, change, general, range, grain, gásoline, ground, great, strange.
3.2.Активная лексика:
аccessories [æksésɔriz] аксессуары, вспомогательные устройства
applý [әplái] применять, употреблять (в дело)
apply brakes тормозить
аxle ось
chassis [ʃǽsi] шасси, рама
clutch сцепление
device прибор, устройство, механизм
final drive главная передача
frame рама
heater обогреватель
hydraulic [haidrɔ́:lik] гидравлический
include включать (в себя)
light фара
lubricáting system система смазки
óperate приводить в действие
power plant силовая установка, мотор
power train силовая передача
rotáte [routéit] вращать(ся)
source [sɔ:s] источник
spring рeссора
3.3.Рассмотрите рисунок с компонентами автомобиля, выпишите 10 новых для вас названий, подготовьте их к ответу.
3.4.Слова, выделенные в тексте жирным шрифтом, вам знакомы. Прочитайте их в начальной форме и переведите
3.5.Переведите предложения со сказуемым, выраженным глаголом в настоящем времени страдательного залога. (См. тему
«Страдательный залог» в «ГК».)
The clutch is used for freeing the gearbox from the engine. 2.Brakes are used to slow or stop the car. 3.Most braking systems are operated by the brake pedal. 4.When the brakes are applied, the car stops. 5.The automobiles “Toyota” are produced not only in Japan.
3.6.Подготовьте для беглого чтения 5-6 строк, переведите текст.
The automobile consists of three basical parts – the power plant, or the engine, the chassis, the body – and the accessories: a heater, lights, a radio, a speedometer and other devices.
The power plant, or engine, is a source of power that makes the wheels rotate and the car move. It includes electric, fuel, cooling and lubricating systems. Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders.
The chassis consists of a power train, a frame with axles, wheels and springs. The chassis includes brakes and a steering system.
The power train carries the power from the engine to the car wheels and contains clutch, gearbox, propeller, or cardan shaft, differential and the final drive.
The clutch is a friction device connecting (or disconnecting) the engine crankshaft to the gears in the gearbox. It is used for freeing the gearbox from the engine and is controlled by the clutch pedal.
Brakes are important mechanisms of the car. They are used to slow or to stop the car. Most braking systems being used today are hydraulic. They are operated by the brake pedal. When the driver pushes down the brake pedal, the brakes are applied and the car stops.