9.Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1.What are agricultural machines used for?

2.What countries have a highly developed agriculture?

3.What engines power modern agricultural implements?

4.What implement of modern agriculture is the most important one? Why?

5.What tools are used in gardening?

9.Передайте содержание текста на английском языке.

Unit 10.Implements for Growing Crops

10.1.Активная лексика

aerate [éiәreit] проветривать, вентилировать, аэрировать

agitator мешалка, ворошитель

broadcast [brɔ́:dka:st] разбрасывать (семена); распространять

bury [béri] закапывать, зарывать

chemical [kémikl] химический

commercial fertilizer химическое (промышленное) удобрение

cover up with засыпать (чем)

disc harrow дисковый культиватор

drill рядовая сеялка

flame weeder травоочиститель, агрегат для прополки

genetically engineered генетически модифицированный

get rid of избавляться от

ploughshare [pláuʃɛә] леме́х

row [rou] ряд

tractor plough тракторный плуг

10.2.Зaпомните, как читаются слова с буквосочетанием ow.

[ou]: grow, harrow, tomorrow, own, sow, know, below, mow, row, slow.

[au]: now, how, down, cow, brown, town, allow, powder, trowel, power.

10.3.Слова, выделенные в тексте жирным шрифтом – глаголы или глагольные производные. Найдите их значение в словаре и запишите в неопределенной форме.

10.4.Составьте пары слов, близких по значению.

1.use a.plant

2.tough b.mechanism

3.sow c.concern

4.grow d.broadcast

5.implement e.apply

6.interest f.resistant

7.distribute g.cultivate

10.4.Переведите глаголы-сказуемые, учитывая число, время, залог.

… is broken, consists, are equipped, are used, are planted, can be distributed, are distributed, is distributed, are cultivated, is applied, can cause, has lead, use, are controlled.

10.5.Подготовьте перевод и чтение одной из четырёх частей текста.

1.Many types of implements have been developed for the activities involved in growing crops. These activities include breaking ground, planting, weeding, fertilizing and combating with pests. Ground is broken by ploughs to prepare a seed-bed. A plough consists of a blade-like ploughshare that cuts under, then lifts, turns and pulverizes the soil. Modern tractor ploughs are usually equipped with two or more ploughshares. Harrows are used to smooth a ploughed land and sometimes to cover up seeds and fertilizer with earth. The disc harrow is used mainly to cut up crop residues before ploughing and to bury weeds during seed-bed preparation.

2.Some cereal crops are still planted by broadcasting seeds. Machines for broadcasting usually consist of a long seed-box mounted on wheels and equipped with an agitator to distribute the seeds. Specialized implements called planters are necessary for sowing crops that are planted in rows such as maize.

Fertilizer can be distributed in winter or shortly before seeding time. Commercial fertilizers are commonly distributed along with seeds by drills and planters. Manure is distributed most efficiently by a manure spreader.

3.For destroying weeds and loosening and aerating the soil a cultivator is used. A flame weeder is applied to destroy weeds growing around crops such as cotton. The weeds are vulnerable to hot air, but the tough stems protect the crops from damage. Chemical herbicides are used extensively for weed control.

Insecticides for pest control are applied to soil and crops in a form of granules, dust or liquid sprays. In areas where crops of vegetables and cereals are cultivated aircraft is sometimes used to dust or spray pesticides.

4.Chemical pesticides are applied in nearly all farming operations undertaken in developed countries. However, increasing concern over harmful effects that pesticides can саuse has lead to the use of alternative forms of pest control, for example, farmers use crop rotation to get rid of pests that feed on a certain crop. Also, some pests are controlled by introducing organisms that damage or kill pests but leave crops unharmed. Finally, some crops are being genetically engineered to be more resistant to pests.