1.8.Ответьте на вопросы и на основании своих ответов изложите кратко содержание текста.

1.What is the origin of the word automobile?

2.Why is the automobile the most popular vehicle?

3.What off-road vehicles can you name?

Unit 2.Automobiles: Past and Present.

2.1.Прочитайте слова, выделенные в тексте жирным шрифтом, в начальной форме и переведите.

2.2.Активная лексика:

build (built, built) строить, создавать

cycle [saikl] такт, цикл

develop конструировать, создавать; развивать

gas-powered engine [énʤin] газовый двигатель

internal combustion engine двигатель внутреннего сгорания (ДВС)

locomótion передвижение, перемещение

manufácture производство; производить

mass production серийное производство

mount монтировать, ставить

place помещать

prevail over вытеснять, превалировать/преобладать над

revolution оборот

sell (sold, sold) продавать

shop мастерская

two-stroke engine двухтактный двигатель

unpaved road немощенная/грунтовая дорога

way путь, способ

2.3.Вспомните правила чтения суффикса -ed, c помощью которого образуются простое прошедшее время и причастие II правильных глаголов.

[d]: played, planned, saved, named, scanned, prevailed, paved, cleaned;

[t]: hoped, liked, placed, produced, stopped, worked, attached, washed;

[id]: depended, founded, mounted, remoted, wanted, united, consisted;

[t, d, id]: lived, decided, faced, reached, trained, protected, rained, printed, wished, connected, opened, closed, waited, walked, dated, dropped, translated, used, developed, molded, dressed, invented, merged, filled.

2.4.Поставьте заключенные в скобки глаголы в соответствующее время, переведите предложения.

1.At first the man (depend) on animals for transportation.

2.At first the Volkswagen factory (produce) 300 automobiles a day. Nowadays it (manufacture) 400 cars a day.

3.In 1890 the two Frenchmen – Emile Levassor and René Panhard – (manufacture) a four-wheeled vehicle.

4.Daimler and Maybach built an engine that (reach) 900 revolutions per minute.

5.Levassor and Panhard (mount) the engine in the centre of the chassis.

6.In 1926 the Daimler and Benz firms (merge).

7.Innovations of the 19^th century (revolutionize) transportation.

8.Levassor and Panhard (place) the motor on the front end of the automobile.

2.5.Переведите. (О способе перевода причастия II читайте во второй теме «ГК».)

A four-stroke engine developed by N. Otto, a gas engine built by Daimler, an engine mounted on a bicycle, an automobile named after E. Jellinek’s daughter, an automobile produced by Levassor and Panhard, a motor placed in the centre of the chassis, a motor protected from dust and mud of roads, a three-wheeled car driven by a two-cycle, one-cylinder engine.

2.6.Прочитайте числительные, которые встречаются в тексте.

2.7.Подготовьте для беглого чтения 6-7 строчек текста, переведите отрывок, в котором говорится о конструировании и усовершенствовании двигателей.

Since the earliest times the man has been interested in transportation.

At first he depended on animals for locomotion. But there was a need for more efficient ways of getting around. A key element was the wheel, which led to horse-drawn carts and coaches. However innovations of the 19^th century revolutionized transportation in previously unimaginable ways.

In the second half of the 19^th century a German named Nikolaus August Otto developed a four-stroke gas-powered engine which eventually prevailed over both steam and electric engines. Carl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler were important pioneers in the Europian automobile manufacturing. In 1885 Benz ran a three-wheeled car driven by a two- cycle, one-cylinder engine that reached 250 revolutions per minute. Daimler built stationary gas engines. Later along with Wilhelm Maybach he developed a high-speed internal combustion engine with a carburettor that made it possible to use gasoline as fuel. Soon Daimler and Maybach built an engine that reached 900 revolutions per minute. Then they developed another engine which they mounted on a bicycle and ran for the first time on November 10, 1885. In 1926 the Daimler and Benz firms merged and sold their products under the name Mercedes-Benz (Emil Jellinek, a major Daimler investor, suggested the line to be named after his daughter Mercedes. He feared that the car with a German-sounding name would not be sold well in France.) Interestingly, the two men have never met.

In 1890 the two Frenchmen – Emile Levassor and René Panhard – produced in their shop a four-wheeled vehicle with a motor mounted in the centre of the chassis. A year later they placed the motor on the front end, where it was better protected from dust and mud of unpaved roads.