Chapter # 1. The foundations of atomic-molecular studies. The laws and concepts of stoichiometry

Vocabulary

English	Українська назва	English	Українська назва
Artificial substances	Штучні речовини	Equivalent	Еквівалент
Drags	Ліки	Relative atomic mass	Відносна атомна маса
Pesticide	Пестицид	Atomic mass unit (a.m.u.) or Carbonic unit	Відносна атомна одиниця маси або вуглецева одиниця
Atom	Атом
Mole	Моль (кількість речовини)
Chemical element	Хімічний елемент
Allotropy	Алотропія	Relative molecular mass	Відносна молекулярна маса
Valency	Валентність
Electron shell	Електронна оболонка	Relative atomic mass	Відносна атомна маса
Phenomenon	Явище	Avogadro’s Number	Число Авогадро
Molecule	Молекула	SI	Міжнародна система одиниць вимірювання
Indivisible participle	Неподільна частинка

Sourses:

1. Introduction in General, Organic and Biochemistry, 7^th Edition, by Morris Hein, Leo R. Best, Scott Pattison and Susan Arena, Brooks/Cole Publishing Co., 2001. (Chapters 1, 2, pp.5-55);

2. http://www.shodor.org/UNChem/glossary.html

3. http://www.shodor.org/UNChem/math/r_p/index.html

4. http://www.shodor.org/UNChem/basic/stoic/index.html

5. http://www.chemtutor.com/sta.htm

1. Subject and Tasks of Chemistry

Bio-Inorganic chemistry is one of the fundamental natural sciences. It takes part in the formation of man world view directly or indirectly that determinates him approach to Environment, understanding of it’s phenomena.

For the first time the determination of Chemistry as science was taken by M.V. Lomonosov: “ Chemical science studies the properties and changes of bodies, … bodies’ composition, explains the reasons of the chemical transformations of substances”. D.I. Mendeleev made original determination of chemistry: “Chemistry is a science about elements and these compounds”.

So, according to the modern ideas Chemistry is a science about composition, structure, properties and transformations of natural and artificial substances and phenomena accompanied these transformations.

Objects of chemical sciences are the Earth and its components, space bodies, water and solution, air and gases, plants, animals at al. Chemistry takes a central place among natural sciences and social production. It combines abstract physical and chemical ideas with biological and geological processes. Following chemical reactions causes biological changes.

Chemistry as science started from the 17^th century when was used quantitative methods for studying of chemical reactions.

What place is take chemistry in Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences? At first, the most of modern drags for veterinary needs are the artificial chemical substances. Now it is known more than 7 millions organic and more than 100 000 inorganic substances, included 1500 pesticides, 4 000 drags, 38 000 potentially toxic substances and 50 000 commercial products or that which have a practical using. Secondly, medical diagnostics and treatment just as control of food quality and safety are based on results of analyses made chemical methods (gravimetry, volumetry et al).