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Vocabulary

pulp chamber ['ʧeɪmbə] пульпарна камера tenderness ['tendənəs] чутливість

root canal [kə'næl] кореневий канал blood supply [sə'plaɪ] кровопостачання

pulpitis [pAl'pQItIs] пульпіт nutrients ['nju:trɪənts] поживні речовини

complication ["kɔmplɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] ускладнення vulnerable ['vʌln(ə)rəbl] вразливий

pus [pʌs] гній injury ['ɪnʤ(ə)rɪ] травма

accumulate [ə'kju:mjəleɪt] накопичувати swelling ['swelɪŋ] набряк

Word-building

Ex. 1. Familiarize yourself with the following material:

-y

Adjective Formation from Noun:

The ending –y can be added to many nouns to form adjectives

Dirt +y = dirty

Smell +y = smelly

That was an awful smell.

It was very smelly.

Examples: rain-rainy; grain-grainy; water-watery; photograph-photography.

Grammar:

Ex. 2. Familiarize yourself with the data of the following table:

Continuous tenses (Passive Voice, Interrogative Form)

to be + Participle I (V4)

TENSE

QUESTION

WORD

AUXILIARY

VERB

SUBJECT

VERB

Present

Continuous

Tense

What

Where

When

am

is

are

I

he, she, it

we, you, they

being + V3

Past

Continuous

Tense

How

Why

How many

was

were

he, she, it

we, you, they

being + V3

Future

Continuous

Tense

How much

Whom

-

-

-

MODEL:

Where are the preventive measures being conducted?

Why was the work being done?

Ex. 3. Read and translate the following questions:

1. Why are all efforts being directed towards the early diagnosis of pulpitis? 2. Where was the solution being injected? 3. Is the child being examined by the surgeon?

Ex. 4. Turn the following sentences into interrogative:

1.The scientific works are being translated into foreign language. 2. Serious investigations were being done by various scientists to establish the cause of pulp disease. 3. At present the root canal is being filled. 4. The permanent filling is being inserted into the decayed tooth. 5. The injured tooth is being replaced in this patient. 6. The functions of the injured teeth are being lost now.

Reading and developing speaking skills

Ex. 5. Read the VOCABULARY and memorize new words.

Ex.6. Insert the missing letters and translate the following words into your native language: Bl __d; sup_ly; to_th; n_trients; nerv_; ti_sue; vuln_rable; dama_e; den_al; de_ay; ac_idental; in_ury; frac_ure; tr_uma; procedu_es.

Ex. 7. Read the following words:

Root canal; treatment; local anesthesia; sheet of rubber; rubber dam; mouth; tooth; to isolate; dry; dentist; tooth decay; natural crown; pulp chamber; pain; dentist; x rays; entire; tissue; bacteria; debris; slightly; filling; material; gutta percha; permanently; completely; infection; temporary; seal; to drain; prescribe; antibiotic; treatment; proper; alignment; bridge; removable partial denture; implant; accomplish; goals.

Ex. 8. Translate the following words and word-combinations into English:

Пульпіт; кореневий канал; пульпарна камера; рентген; ускладнення; гній; накопичувати; чутливий; вразливий; стоматолог; хвороба; карієс; видаляти; гутта-перча; поживні речовини; набряк; зуби; щелепа; м’які тканини; травма; процедура; пломбування каналів; анестезія; міст; протез; ціль.

Ex. 9. Read the following text: