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Vocabulary

misuse ["mIs'ju:s] - зловживати; неправильне використання

mercury - меркурій

copper ['kOpq]- мідь, мідно-червоний колір

investment [In'vestmqnt] - вклад

advantage [əd'vRntɪG] - перевага, користь

debris ['deIbrJ] - зубний наліт; залишки їжі ionomer - іономер

disadvantage [ dIsqd'vRntIdZ] - недолік, несприятливе становище

polish n; v ['pOliS] - полірування, шліфування; полірувати

durability [dju(q)rq'bIlItI] - стійкість; витривалість; зносостійкість

available [q'veIlqb(q)l] - придатний, корисний

destruction [dIs'trAkSqn] - порушення; загибель

Word-building

Ex. 1. Familiarize yourself with the following material:

Suffixes of Verbs:

-ate

prognosticate прогнозувати, передбачати ймовірне завершення хвороби

-ize (-ise)

special спеціальный – to specialize спеціалізувати

neutral нейтральний – to neutralize нейтралізувати

-fy

classify класифікувати

Ex. 2. Read and translate the following words:

A. Translate; penetrate; integrate; narrate; participate; regulate; eliminate; articulate; separate; dilate; isolate; evacuate.

B. Characterize; memorize; organize; mobilize; synthesize; comprise.

C. Identify; modify; amplify.

GRAMMAR:

PERFECT TENSES

(Passive Voice)

(REVISION)

Ex. 3. Translate the sentences containing Perfect Tenses (Passive Voice):

1. If the pulp is exposed root canal therapy is usually necessary. 2. Fillings are inserted in the teeth to replace the cavity 3. The vitality of the pulp is preserved. 4. Temporary fillings are inserted as temporary measure only. 5. For premolars and molars, amalgam or gold is used. 6. Careful preparation is required to ensure the all caries is removed. 7. Before explaining how this is done, it is necessary to consider the types of filling material.

Ex. 4. Turn the following sentences into interrogative:

1. Undermined enamel is chipped away with an enamel chisel. 2. The cavity is enlarged to remove stagnation area. 3. This is done with handpieces and burs. 4. Permanent fillings are meant to put prmanently.

Ex. 5. Find in the text “Fillings” sentences containing Perfect Tenses, Passive Voice. Read them, determine the tenses, and translate into your native language.

Ex. 6. Read the following grammar material:

OBJECT CLAUSES

We know (that) caries breaks down the teeth because acid affects on them.

Ми знаємо, що карієс руйнує зуби тому, що їх вражає кислота.

He cannot understand why the root canal therapy is such a painful procedure.

Він не може зрозуміти, чому лікування кореневого каналу така болісна процедура.

Will you show me where the pulp is located?

Ви мені покажете, де розташована|схильний| пульпа?

Ex. 7. Read and translate the following sentences into your native language:

1. The patients also were dissatisfied with the quality of service. 2. What instruments can be found on the instrument table? 3. Dentist was allowed to fill the cavity. 4. The course of treatment was accepted by the patient. 5. On physical examination the tooth was considered to be far gone. 6. The presence of plaque on the tooth surface is known to be formed due to bacteria 7. Severe toothache is estimated to be caused by the action of bacteria and acid products.