Vocabulary

radiograph (x-ray) ['reɪdɪəugrɑ:f] рентген to evolve [ɪ'vɔlv] виявляти

hidden ['hɪd(ə)n] прихований sialolith [sQI'qlOlIT]– слинний конкремент

malignant [mə'lɪgnənt] злоякісний evaluation [ɪ"vælju'eɪʃ(ə)n] оцінювання

benign [bɪ'naɪn] доброякісний to hover ['hɔvə] парити, нависати

to penetrate ['penɪtreɪt] проникати to capture ['kæpʧə] захвачувати

ligament ['lɪgəmənt] зв’язкa demarcation ["di:mɑ:'keɪʃ(ə)n] демаркація, поділ

comprehensive ["kɔmprɪ'hen(t)sɪv] комплексний conventional [kən'ven(t)ʃ(ə)n(ə)l] звичайний, стандартний

Word-building

Ex. 1. Familiarize yourself with the following material:

-ly

Adverbs are words that modify:

a verb (He drove slowly. — How did he drive?)

an adjective (He drove a very fast car. — How fast was his car?)

another adverb (She moved quite slowly down the aisle. — How slowly did she move?)

As we will see, adverbs often tell when, where, why, or under what conditions something happens or happened. Adverbs frequently end in -ly; however, many words and phrases not ending in -ly serve an adverbial function and an -ly ending is not a guarantee that a word is an adverb. The words lovely, lonely, motherly, friendly, neighborly, for instance, are adjectives:

That lovely woman lives in a friendly neighborhood.

If a group of words containing a subject and verb acts as an adverb (modifying the verb of a sentence), it is called an Adverb Clause:

When this class is over, we're going to the movies.

When a group of words not containing a subject and verb acts as an adverb, it is called an adverbial phrase. Prepositional phrases frequently have adverbial functions (telling place and time, modifying the verb):

Ex. 2. Read and translate the following words:

A. termination, deletion, motion, action, junction, connection, derivation.

B. cytopathology, cytochemistry, cytoplasm, cytosis, cytotoxic, cytotropic.

Grammar

Ex. 3. Read the following grammar material:

Perfect tenses (Active Voice, Interrogative Form)

Ex. 5. Familiarize yourself with the data of the following table:

Tense	Questioning word	Auxiliary verb	Subject	Predicate	Example
Present Perfect Tense	What Why Where How many	have has	I, you, we they he, she, it	V3	What has the scientist determined this year?
Past Perfect Tense	How much	had	I, he, she, it, you, we, they	V3	How many parts had the cell divided by 5 o’clock?
Future Perfect Tense		shall will	I, we he, she, it, you, they	have + V3	What text will Helen have translated by 3 o’clock?

Ex. 4. Translate the following interrogative sentences into your native language:

1. Has the computer analyzed the patient's condition? 2. Have these authors published their medical articles? 3. What inventions in medicine has V.P. Filatov made? 4. What hospitals have the Romans established? 5. What countries has the child mortality declined during the last decade? 6. Why have these methods of treatment used?