Глагол to be

Глагол to be (смысловое значение — быть, являться, находиться) образует формы Present и Past Indefinite, не подчиняясь общему правилу.

В настоящем времени — Present Indefinite Tense — он имеет следующие утвердительные формы:

I am (I’m)

he (he’s)

she is (she’s)

it (it’s)

we (we’re)

you are (you’re)

they they’re

В настоящем времени на русский язык глагол to be часто не переводится, т.к. русский глагол-связка «есть» за редким исключением опускается.

My brother is very tall. — Мой брат (есть) очень высокий.

His file’s empty. — Его папка (есть) пустая.

Отрицательная форма образуется с помощью отрицания not, которое следует за глаголом to be в личной форме.

I	am	not	I’m not
he			he’s not	or	he isn’t
she	is	not	she’s not	or	she isn’t
it			it’s not	or	it isn’t
we			we’re not	or	we aren’t
you	are	not	you’re not	or	you aren’t
they			they’re not	or	they aren’t

Упр. 1. Прочитайте и переведите предложения:

1. I’m cold. Can you close the window, please?

2. I’m 32 years old. My sister is 29.

3. My brother is very tall. He’s a policeman.

4. John is afraid of dogs.

5. It’s ten o’clock. You’re late again.

6. Ann and I are good friends.

7. Your keys are on the table.

8. I’m tired but I’m not hungry.

9. Tom isn’t interested in politics. He’s interested in music.

10. Jane isn’t at home at the moment. She’s at work.

11. Those people aren’t English. They’re Australian.

12. It’s sunny today but it isn’t warm.

Упр. 2. Вставьте am, is или are:

1. The weather is nice today. 5. Look! There ______ Carol.

2. I _______ not tired. 6. My brother and I ____good tennis players.

3. This bag _______ heavy. 7. Ann___at home. Her children__at school.

4. These bags _______ heavy. 8. I _____ a taxi driver. My sister___a nurse.

Упр. 3. Напишите предложения, используя am/am not, is/isn’t; are/aren’t:

a) 1. (your shoes very dirty) — Your shoes are very dirty.

2. (my brother a teacher) — My ...

3. (this house not very big) —...

4. (the shops open today) — ...

5. (my keys in my bag) — ...

6. (Jenny 18 years old) — ...

7. (you not very old) — ...

2. 1. (I/interested in politics) — I am interested in politics.

2. (I/ hungry) — I ...

3. (it/ warm today) — It ...

4. (I/ afraid of dogs) — ...

5. (my hands/ cold) ...

6. (Canada / a very big country) — ...

7. (diamonds / cheap) — ...

8. (I / interested in football) — ...

9. (Rome / in Spain) — ...

В вопросительных предложениях глагол to be в личной форме стоит перед подлежащим.

0			I	II	III
			David	is	a student
Общий вопрос		Is	David	–	a student?
Специальный вопрос	What	is	David	–	– ?

Краткий ответ состоит из Yes/No + соответствующее личное местоимение + to be в положительной или отрицательной форме.

Упр. 1. Прочитайте и переведите предложения:

1. Am I late? No, you’re on time.

2. Is your mother at home? No, she’s out.

3. Are your parents at home? No, they’re out.

4. Is it cold in your room? Yes, a little.

5. Your shoes are nice. Are they new?

6. Where is your mother? Is she at home?

7. What colour is your car? It’s red.

8. How are your parents? Are they well?

9. How much are these postcards? Fifty pence.

10. Where are you from? Canada.

11. How old is Joe? He’s 24.

12. Why are you angry?

What’s = what is who’s = who is how’s = how is where’s = where is

What’s the time?	Who’s that man?
Where’s Jill?	How’s your father?

• Are you tired? Yes, I am.

• Are you hungry? No, I’m not but I’m thirsty.

• Is your friend English? Yes, he is.

• Are these your keys? Yes, they are.

• That’s my seat. No, it isn’t.

Упр. 2. Составьте вопросы с данными словами. Используйте is или are:

1. (at home / your mother?)	Is your mother at home?
2. (your parents / well?)	Are your parents well?
3. (interesting / your job?)	________________________
4. (the shops / open today?)	________________________
5. (interested in sport / you?)	________________________
6. (near here / the post office?)	________________________
7. (at school / your children?)	________________________
8. (why / you / late?)	________________________

Упр. 3. Ответьте на вопросы кратко:

1. Are you married? No, I’m not.	4. Are your hands cold? __________
2. Are you thirsty? ___________	5. Is it dark now? _______________
3. Is it cold today? ___________	6. Are you a teacher? ____________

В прошедшем времени — Past Indefinite — глагол to be имеет две формы was — в единственном числе и were — во множественном числе.

Положительная			Отрицательная				Вопросительная основа предложения
I				I				I?
he	was			he	was not		was	he?
she				she	(wasn’t)			she?
It				it				it?
we				we				we?
you	were			you	were not		were	you?
They				they	(weren’t)			they?

Упр. 1. Прочитайте и переведите:

1. Last year Rachel was 22, so she is 23 now.

2. When I was a child, I was afraid of dogs.

3. We were hungry after the journey but we weren’t tired.

4. The hotel was comfortable but it wasn’t expensive.

5. Was the weather good when you were on holiday?

6. Those shoes are nice. Were they expensive?

7. Why were you late this morning?

Упр. 2. Вставьте в пропуски глагол to be в личной форме настоящего или прошедшего времени (am/is/are или was/were):

1. Last year she was 22, so she is 23 now.

2. Today the weather _________ nice, but yesterday it _________ very cold.

3. I ________ hungry. Can I have something to eat?

4. I feel fine this morning but I ___________ very tired last night.

5. Where _______ you at 11 o’clock last Friday morning?

6. Don’t buy those shoes. They ______ very expensive.

7. I like your new jacket. __________it expensive?

8. This time last year I ___________ in Paris.

9. «Where ________ the children?» «I don’t know. They ____ in the garden ten minutes ago.»

Упр. 3. Вставьте was / were или wasn’t / weren’t:

1. We weren’t happy with the hotel. Our room was very small and it wasn’t very clean.

2. George ______ at work last week because he ______ill. He’s better now.

3. Yesterday ______ a public holiday so the shops _______closed. They’re open today.

4. «________ Sue and Bill at the party?» «Sue______ there but Bill _____».

5. «Where are my keys?» «I don’t know. They ______ on the table but they’re not there now».

6. You _______ at home last night. Where _________ you?