Инфинитивные обороты

The Objective Infinitive Construction

Объектный инфинитивный оборот или сложное дополнение

С

Существительного

+ инфинитив глагола

местоимения в косвенном падеже

остоит из:

Этот оборот равнозначен русскому придаточному дополнительному предложению и стоит после главной части предложения (подлежащего и сказуемого), где сказуемое выражено глаголами желания:

to want — хотеть, требовать, нуждаться

to wish, to desire — желать

I would like — я хотел бы

I want my son to see this film. Я хочу, чтобы мой сын посмотрел этот фильм

(Сравните это предложение с:

I want to see this film. Я хочу посмотреть этот фильм,

где инфинитив «to see» употреблен в функции дополнения).

We would like them to enjoy their stay in our city

Мы хотели бы, чтобы они получили удовольствие от пребывания в нашем городе.

Обратите внимание, что после глаголов, выражающих желание, сложное дополнение переводится на русский язык придаточным дополнительным предложением, начинающимся с союза «чтобы».

К группе глаголов, после которых может употребляться сложное дополнение, в котором инфинитив имеет частицу to, относятся глаголы предложения, мнения, суждения:

to expect — ожидать	to understand — понимать
to suppose — полагать, предлагать	to think — думать, считать
to consider — считать, полагать	to believe — считать, полагать
to assume — предполагать, допускать	to prove — оказываться, доказывать
We expect the problem to be solved in the near future.	Мы ожидаем, что проблема будет решена в ближайшем будущем.
We believe her to have been sent to St. Petersburg.	Мы полагаем, что её послали в Санкт-Петербург.
I consider him to be dangerous.	Я считаю, что он опасен.

После глаголов to consider, to think глагол to be может опускаться.

I consider him dangerous. Я считаю его опасным.

В сложном дополнении после глаголов восприятия употребляется инфинитив без «to»:

to see — видеть

to hear — слышать

to watch, to observe — наблюдать

to notice — замечать

to feel — чувствовать

We saw him leave the house. Мы видели, что он вышел из дома.

I heard him make arrangements Я слышал, как он договорился

for his journey. о своей поездке.

Инфинитив в этом обороте показывает, что действие было воспринято полностью, в отличие от сложного дополнения, в состав которого входит причастие I .

I saw him crossing the street. Я видел, как он переходил улицу.

I heard him speaking on the phone. Я слышал, как он разговаривал по телефону.

Сравните:

I saw him change the wheel. Я видел, как он сменил колесо

(т.е. я видел действие полностью).

I saw him changing the wheel. Я видел, как (что) он менял колесо

(т.е. я видел незавершенный процесс).

Упр. 1. Прочитайте вслух и переведите:

1. When I entered the gym, I saw a group of girls practicing without their coach.

2. I've never seen him lose his temper.

3. I've never heard her complain.

4. I heard them quarrelling, and decided to go up and ask what the matter was.

5. I hear that Helen is a good pianist, but I've never heard her play the piano.

6. We saw that the conversation was growing tiring and decided to stop before it was too late.

7. We watched the coach giving last-minute instructions to the players.

8. We saw the policeman go up to the driver and say something to him.

9. I've never heard him say anything unfair.

10. We heard that after the last injury he was no longer fit to take part in serious competitions.

11. I didn't notice you come in.

12. I noticed that he wasn't particularly interested in the conversation.

Упр. 2. Соедините два предложения в одно, как показано в образцах:

1. Дано: Jane was waiting for somebody. I saw her.

Требуется: I saw Jane waiting for somebody.

1. They were playing tennis. Their coach watched them.

2. Helen was playing the guitar. We listened to her,

3. Alice was talking to a colleague in Spanish. I heard it.

4. Bill Blake was changing money in a bank. The detective saw it

5. Jill was parking her car. I saw it.

2. Дано: Someone locked the front door. I heard it.

Требуется: I heard someone lock the front door.

1. She came in. I didn't hear it.

2. He went out. Nobody noticed it.

3. Jeff signed all the documents. Everybody saw this.

4. Jane congratulated Anne and Torn on their success. We all heard it.

5. Jill parked her car in Albert Road. I saw it.

Упр. 3. Прочитайте вслух и переведите:

I want my son to go in for sports.

1. I don't want you to take so much trouble.

2. I would like you to practise your English every day.

3. I don't think he wanted Bob to lose his temper, he simply wanted him to play according to the rules.

4. We want our contacts to increase in the near future.

5. The manager doesn't want his assistants to do so much routine paperwork any longer.

6. We are friends, and I naturally want him to be perfectly frank with me.

7. The Director General wants us to compare all those projects and say what we think of them.

9. I didn't expect the discussion to be so tiring.

10. Frankly, we had expected them to find a better place for the exhibition.

11. Everybody expected the talks to be a success.

12. We didn't expect the matter to be so complicated.

Упр. 4. Перефразируйте, как показано в образце:

Дано: I want to have a good holiday (my children).

Требуется: I want my children to have a good holiday.

1. I don't want to waste so much time on this useless work any longer (my assistant).

2. I'd like to be absolutely frank with him (you).

3. I want to be as fair as possible (them).

4. My friend wants to begin jogging regularly (his elder son).

5. I want to make all the arrangements in good time (the managers).

6. I'd like to leave a message with the secretary (Mr Bentley).

7. They wanted to fulfil all their obligations (their counterparts).

8. She wanted to impress the public (her article).

Упр. 5. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на объектный инфинитивный оборот:

А. 1. Не wanted us to visit the art exhibition.

2. I expect you to tell me everything.

3. I suppose her to be about 50.

4. The teacher does not consider him to be a good student.

5. The engineer expected the work to be done in time

6. We expect you to show good results.

7. We know him to have graduated from the Institute two years ago.

8. Everybody knows him to be working on a new book

9. We believe cybernetics to be an important branch of modern technology.

10. We thought him to have taken part in their experiment.

Б. 1. She felt somebody touch her.

2. We heard him come in and close the door behind him.

3. Have you ever seen Ulanova dance?

4. She watched the boy buy a newspaper, open it, look it through and then throw it away.

5. I heard him mention my sister’s name.

6. Many people like to watch the sun rise.

7. She saw her son fall and shouted,

8. He likes to watch his son play in the garden.

9. The students heard the bell ring.

10. You can't make me believe that all these stories are true.

11. In spite of bad weather the instructor made the sportsmen continue their training.

The Subjective Infinitive Construction