Text 2. Police Discipline

I. Read and translate the text.

If a police officer breaks the Police Discipline Code, he may be dismissed from the force. In England and Wales, a special committee investigates the complaints made by the public against police officers. The police work in close contact with the public. Special attention is paid to young people and ethnic minorities. Women are also involved in the police service.

II. Questions to be answered.

1. What may happen to a police officer if he breaks the disciplinary code?

2. Can the public make complaints against police officers?

3. Where are the complaints investigated?

4. What categories of people do the police pay special attention to?

Text 3. Police Techniques

I. Read and translate the text.

The police is helped in its work by the Forensic Science Service. The Service provides the police with the results of the investigation of material evidence, such as blood, semen, hair roots or tissue. It is called DNA profiling. Besides, it provides advice on firearms used in the crime. It also offers training to overseas scientists. The Forensic Science Service is computerised and well-equipped.

II. Questions to be answered.

1. What service is the police assisted by?

2. What technologies does the Forensic Science Service use?

3. What services does it offer to investigators and overseas scientists?

4. Is the Forensic Science Service well-equipped?

Text 4. The Right to Freedom of Speech and Freedom of the Press

I. Read and translate the text.

Freedom of speech and the press are the fundamental personal rights, or liberties.

There is no democracy without freedom of expression. Yet, it is impossible to grant every citizen complete freedom of expression for reasons of pornography, obscene forms of expression, sabotage and calls for a violent overthrow of the government.

Censorship may be a way out, but it is difficult to make it always objective.

II. Questions to be answered.

1. What is the connection between freedom of speech and democracy?

2. Why is it not possible to grant every citizen complete freedom of expression?

3. Is censorship always effective?

Text 5. A letter to Steve

I. Read and translate the letter.

Hi, Steve,

Thanks for everything, and especially for the most enjoyable news – about your visit to Moscow in summer. Isn’t it wonderful! I am going to take part in this conference, too. My report is connected with the legal aspect of the work of young volunteers abroad. But all my thoughts are about our meeting ahead. I’ve started thinking of what I’ll show and say to you. Maybe, we'll be able to spend a few hours in my native city. There are express trains now that make a trip to Nizhny much shorter than it used to be. It's a matter of a few hours, indeed. I am sure our meeting will be the most remarkable event of the coming summer vacations.

I am looking forward to seeing you soon.

Much love,

Alex.

II. Find in the text of the letter English equivalents to the following Russian words and word combinations.

самая хорошая новость Просто замечательно! принять участие в конференции правовой аспект чего-л. доброволец, волонтёр

предстоящая встреча всего несколько часов в самом деле замечательный предстоящие летние каникулы

III. Answer the following questions.

1. What bit of news from Steve did Alex enjoy most of all?

2. Has he heard about the conference Steve is going to participate in?

3. Is Alex going to take part in the conference?

4. What is the theme of his report?

5. What is Alex thinking about?

6. What are his plans for their forthcoming meeting?

7. Why does Alex think it is possible to take Steve to Nizhny Novgorod during his stay in Russia?

8. What historical places and sights of interest, in your opinion, may he show to Steve in Nizhny Novgorod?

IV. Look through Alex and Steve's correspondence and note down the following:

1. the way the letters begin: the salutation (вступительное обращение, или фраза приветствия);

2. the opening sentence (вводное, или первое предложение письма);

3. the way the letters are brought to a close : the concluding sentence (завершающая фраза письма);

4. the complementary close (заключительная формула вежливости).

V. Imagine you have a new e-pal (electronic pal, or pen-friend). Write your first email message to him/her. Include this information:

• your name, nationality and age

• where you live

• your studies

• your hobbies and interests

• your family and friend(s).

• your plans for the future

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