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Phrasal verbs are idiomatic combinations of a verb and adverb, or a verb and preposition.

Фразовые глаголы- это устойчивые сочетания глагола с наречием, глагола с предлогом и глагола с наречием и предлогом, приобретающие по сравнению с самим глаголом новые значения.

  • Prepositions: after, at, during, for, from, into, of, out of, to, with, without

  • (Adverb) Particles: ahead, aside, away, back, forward, home, out

  • Both prepositions and particles: about, across, along, (a)round, before, behind, by, down, in, inside, near, off, on, outside, over, past, through, under, up

4 basic types of phrasal verbs ( or multi-part verbs) :

1) These phrasal verbs do not take an object. Phrasal verbs usually have a meaning which is different from the

meaning of the separate parts. As these phrasal verbs have no direct object, they cannot be made passive.

Getting by on my salary isn’t easy.

Sit down. Look out! We set off on our journey.

  1. These phrasal verbs take an object. When the object is a noun, it can go after or before the particle. But

when the object is a pronoun ( it, them…) , it can go only before the particle, not after it.

I’ll throw away the rubbish / I’ll throw the rubbish away.

Take off your shoes / Take your shoes off.

I’ll throw it away. Take them off.

We can’t put an adverb between the verb and particle or between the particle and object:

* I paid the loan back early. ( not: I paid early back the loan. / I paid back early the loan. )

We can’t put a relative pronoun immediately before or after the particle:

* That’s the room which I did up. ( not: That’s the room which up I did. / That’s the room up which I did. )

3) These phrasal verbs take an object, but we cannot separate the verb from the particle. These phrasal verbs are

called prepositional verbs ( verb + preposition)- look into, look for, look at.

Sue takes after her mother. Looking after a baby is hard work.

We put the object ( noun / pronoun) after the preposition and not between the verb and preposition ( compare

with the second type):

* We didn’t fall for it / his story. ( not: We didn’t fall his story for. / We didn’t fall it for. )

4) These phrasal verbs have three parts: a verb + particle + preposition . We cannot separate the verb from the

other parts. These verbs can be made passive:

* All her employees looked up to her. (active)

* She was looked up to by all her employees. ( passive)

I’m looking forward to the weekend.

You go now and I’ll catch up with you later.

  • Phrasal verbs form tenses, and are used in questions and negatives and in the passive voice, in the same way as other verbs:

* Will you be putting the party off? * The party has been put off until next month.

  • We never separate the verb and the particle in the passive form:

* That story was made up by a resentful employee.

  • We can sometimes form nouns from multi-part verbs:

* The car broke down five kilometers from home. (multi-part verb)

* The breakdown happened five kilometers from home. (noun)

What do phrasal verbs mean?

It is sometimes possible to get an idea of the meaning of a multi-part verb from its particle, because some particles are associated with areas of meaning, for example:

  • ON – touching/ attaching/ starting/ continuing / progressing

I wish you wouldn’t put on so much lipstick! He went on talking as if nothing had happened.

  • UP –an upward movement/ an increase/ an improvement/ completing/ ending/ approaching

We left early, just as the sun was coming up. Sales have gone up in the past year. We used up all the

eggs when we made the cake. A taxi drew up just as we were thinking of calling one.

  • DOWN –a downward movement/ a decrease/ completing/ ending/ stopping

The teacher told the pupils to sit down. That music is too loud! Turn it down. Business was so bad that

the shop had to close down.

  • IN/INTO –an inward movement/ including/ being involved

The spectators poured into stadium. We’d better let her into the secret.

  • OFF –movement away/ detaching/ preventing entry/ separating/ not including

We set off at midday. They’ve fenced off their garden to keep dogs out.

  • AWAY –continuous activity

The secretary kept typing away, ignoring the noise outside.

  • BACK –returning / reference to past time

I’ve given back the tools I borrowed. This photo brings back memories of when I was young.

  • TROUGH –completing/ doing thoroughly

I need to think this through before I decide.

  • OUT –an outward movement/ not being inside/ excluding/ completing/ doing thoroughly

Let’s eat out this evening. The double glazing helps to shut out the noise. It took me hours to clean

out that room.

Phrasal verbs with get

phrasal verb

meaning / use

example

  1. get smth across (to)

  • to get over, put across, explain your idea , чётко, убедительно изложить,

довести до слушателя, заставить

понять

  • to annoy or offend smb.,обижать, досаждать кому-то

  • How can I get across (to you) how I feel?

  • It’s difficult to get our Russian jokes across to a foreign audience.

  • Don’t get across your teacher. She is very kind to you.

  1. get ahead

  • to get on; have success in your life

преуспеть

  • You need a good education in order to get ahead.

  1. get along (with)

  • to get on; ладить, быть в хороших отношениях, проживать, находить общий язык

  • How are you getting long?

  • I don’t understand why we can’t get along together.

  1. get around /about

get around to

= get round to

doing smth

  • to get about, travel a lot ,бывать в различных местах

  • finally to do smth you have planned or wanted to do for a long time, взяться, приняться за что-то

  • In my job I get around quite a lot.

  • I’ll get around to your request later.

  • When will you get round to painting the table?

  1. get at

  2. get at smb.

  • to be able to reach smth.,добираться (до чего-то),

  • to criticize smb. all the time доставать (надоедать), пилить (ругать, критиковать)

  • Are you sure that the children can’t get at the medicine?

  • You are always getting at me.

  1. get away

  1. get away with

  • to succeed in leaving, escape, be free to leave, удрать, ускользнуть, улизнуть, смыться , уехать в отпуск

  • to escape punishment, сделать что-то незаметно или безнаказанно, сходить с рук

  • I’d be able to get away from the office by seven.

  • The three men got away in a stolen car

  • He always gets away with being late.

  1. get back (from)

  2. get smth back

get back smth

  1. get back to smb

  • to return to a place, вернуться

  • to have smth returned, получить назад

  • to phone someone later ,отзвонить, выйти на связь

  • We’ll probably get back about nine.

  • Did you get that money back that you lent Bessie?

  • I’m a bit busy at the moment - can I get back to you?

11) get by

  • To have enough money or food , сводить концы с концами, прожить, с трудом удаваться, справиться

  • To pass, to be able to move past, проходить, проскочить, проходить осмотр, сдавать (экзамен)

  • I get by with the little I have. She finds it hard to get by on her pension.

  • How did you manage to get by?

  • Please, let me get by.

  • Yesterday I took the test and hope I got by.

  1. get smb down

  1. get smth down

  1. get down to smth

  • to make someone feel sad or unhappy, угнетать, раздражать, давить на кого-то (повергать в депрессию), утомлять, огорчать

  • = take down, write down smth, снять что-то, записывать

  • to start doing smth, приступить к чему-либо, заняться серьёзно чем-либо

  • All this delay and waiting is getting her down.

  • This miserable weather really gets me down.

  • May I get this book down from the shelf?

  • The reporters were trying to get down everything he said.

  • Stop talking and get down to your work.

  1. get in / into

  1. get into trouble

  • manage to enter (a place, university etc.) войти, проникнуть, попасть, поступить в учебное заведение

  • to start a conversation, fight etc. , включаться в какую-то деятельность, вовлекать кого-то во что-то

  • to do smth that makes yourself deserve punishment, попасть в затруднительное положение./ в беду

  • They arrived at the stadium in good time but they still couldn’t get in.

  • How many of your students got into university? I hope my daughter will get in this year.

  • He’s always getting into rows with his parents.

  • Staying out late will only get you into trouble with your parents.

17) get off

  • To leave (a bus, train, plane....), слезать, вылезать, сходить

  • To start a journey, трогаться в путь, отправляться в поездку

  • The bus driver will tell you where to get off.

  • Are you getting off at the next station?

  • We have to get off on our journey tomorrow.

  • We got off at 8 o’clock.

  1. get on

  1. get on (with smb)

  1. get on (with smth)

  • to get ahead; make progress, преуспевать, делать успехи

  • to take place in a vehicle, садиться в транспорт

  • to get along; have a friendly relationship with, ладить, иметь дружеские отношения с кем-то, уживаться с кем-то

  • to continue to do smth, продвигаться, делать успехи в работе, учёбе

  • getting older, стареть

  • He’s new but he’s getting on fine.

  • How are things getting on?

  • Did a lady in a green coat get on at the last stop?

  • How does Gina get on with her colleagues?

  • Get on with your work!

  • She’s getting on eighty, so this trip is a little difficult for her.

  • How are you getting on at school?

  1. get out

22) get out of

  • to move out of a building / space; to remove smth., to escape выходить, вылезать, высаживаться

  • manage to avoid doing a job you don’t like, отвертеться (избежать чего-то), отлынивать , увиливать

  • Look! John is getting out.

  • The door’s locked and I can’t get out!

  • I can’t get this nail out, it’s too tight.

  • Two prisoners got out (of prison) yesterday.

  • I’ll try and get out of my lessons tomorrow.

  • I tried to get out of (doing) the washing up.

22) get over smth

  • To get well after an illness, recover from the shock of smth, преодолевать, справляться, приходить в себя, оклематься, оправиться (после чего-то трудного и неприятного)

  • to cross a road / water… перебраться, переправиться, перелезть

  • She’s still trying to get over that cold.

  • We couldn’t get over the locked gate.

  • Have you got over your illness?

  • I don’t think he will ever get over the loss of his wife.

  • I hope you soon get over your trouble.

23) get round

  • To avoid smth, обойти что-либо, избежать (трудность, ограничение)

  • To persuade smb. to change his/ her opinion , убедить (кого-либо), уломать, уговорить

  • To get around, get about, go about, go round/around, put about, циркулировать, распространяться

  • to find time for smth. приниматься за что-то, добираться до чего-то (руки дошли до чего-то)

  • I can’t get round this restriction.

  • How could she get him round to her way of thinking?

  • Gossip gets round the film industry faster than in other places.

  • When will you get round to answering my question?

24) get together

  • To meet for a talk, to practise etc., собраться вместе

  • Let’s get together next week and discuss it.

25) get through (to smb/smth)

  • to succeed in reaching smb by telephone, связаться по телефону, дозвониться (по телефону)

  • to pass a test or exam, выдержать экзамены, испытания, справиться ( успешно закончить)

  • to pass through проходить, пролезать, просачиваться

  • to finish smth., закончить, завершить какую-то работу

  • I can’t get through to Moscow.

  • If I can get through this week, I can get through anything!

  • Have you got through your exams yet?

  • How did you manage to get through such a narrow hole?

  • He managed to get through that work in such a short time.

26) get to

get to smb.

  • To arrive at a place, добираться до какого-то места

  • To start doing smth., взяться, приняться за дело

  • To make you feel very angry or upset, доставать (действовать на нервы)

  • When will you get to Madrid?

  • What is the best way to get to the nearest bank?

  • We must get to work at once.

  • Her criticism of my clothes is getting to me.

  • This loud music really gets to me.

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