Phrasal verbs are
idiomatic combinations of a verb and adverb, or a verb and
preposition.
Фразовые глаголы-
это устойчивые сочетания глагола с
наречием, глагола с предлогом и глагола
с наречием и предлогом, приобретающие
по сравнению с самим глаголом новые
значения.
Prepositions:
after, at, during, for, from, into, of, out of, to, with, without
(Adverb) Particles:
ahead, aside, away, back, forward, home, out
Both prepositions
and particles: about, across,
along, (a)round, before, behind, by, down, in, inside, near, off,
on, outside, over, past, through, under, up
4 basic types of phrasal verbs ( or multi-part verbs) :
1) These phrasal verbs do not take an object. Phrasal verbs usually have a meaning which is different from the
meaning of the separate parts. As these phrasal verbs have no direct object, they cannot be made passive.
Getting by on
my salary isn’t easy.
Sit down. Look out! We set off on our journey.
These phrasal verbs take an object. When the object is a noun, it can go after or before the particle. But
when the object is a pronoun ( it, them…) , it can go only before the particle, not after it.
I’ll throw away the rubbish / I’ll throw the rubbish away.
Take off your shoes / Take your shoes off.
I’ll throw it away. Take them off.
We can’t put an adverb between the verb and particle or between the particle and object:
* I paid the loan back early. ( not: I paid early back the loan. / I paid back early the loan. )
We can’t put a relative pronoun immediately before or after the particle:
* That’s the room which I did up. ( not: That’s the room which up I did. / That’s the room up which I did. )
3) These phrasal verbs take an object, but we cannot separate the verb from the particle. These phrasal verbs are
called prepositional verbs ( verb + preposition)- look into, look for, look at.
Sue takes after her mother. Looking after a baby is hard work.
We put the object ( noun / pronoun) after the preposition and not between the verb and preposition ( compare
with the second type):
* We didn’t fall for it / his story. ( not: We didn’t fall his story for. / We didn’t fall it for. )
4) These phrasal verbs have three parts: a verb + particle + preposition . We cannot separate the verb from the
other parts. These verbs can be made passive:
* All her employees looked up to her. (active)
* She was looked up to by all her employees. ( passive)
I’m looking
forward to the weekend.
You go now and I’ll catch up with you later.
Phrasal verbs form tenses, and are used in questions and negatives and in the passive voice, in the same way as other verbs:
* Will you be putting the party off? * The party has been put off until next month.
We never separate the verb and the particle in the passive form:
* That story was made up by a resentful employee.
We can sometimes form nouns from multi-part verbs:
* The car broke down five kilometers from home. (multi-part verb)
* The breakdown happened five kilometers from home. (noun)
What do phrasal verbs mean?
It is sometimes possible to get an idea of the meaning of a multi-part verb from its particle, because some particles are associated with areas of meaning, for example:
ON – touching/ attaching/ starting/ continuing / progressing
I wish you wouldn’t put on so much lipstick! He went on talking as if nothing had happened.
UP –an upward movement/ an increase/ an improvement/ completing/ ending/ approaching
We left early, just as the sun was coming up. Sales have gone up in the past year. We used up all the
eggs when we made the cake. A taxi drew up just as we were thinking of calling one.
DOWN –a downward movement/ a decrease/ completing/ ending/ stopping
The teacher told the pupils to sit down. That music is too loud! Turn it down. Business was so bad that
the shop had to close down.
IN/INTO –an inward movement/ including/ being involved
The spectators poured into stadium. We’d better let her into the secret.
OFF –movement away/ detaching/ preventing entry/ separating/ not including
We set off at midday. They’ve fenced off their garden to keep dogs out.
AWAY –continuous activity
The secretary kept typing away, ignoring the noise outside.
BACK –returning / reference to past time
I’ve given back the tools I borrowed. This photo brings back memories of when I was young.
TROUGH –completing/ doing thoroughly
I need to think this through before I decide.
OUT –an outward movement/ not being inside/ excluding/ completing/ doing thoroughly
Let’s eat out this evening. The double glazing helps to shut out the noise. It took me hours to clean
out that room.
Phrasal verbs with get
phrasal verb |
meaning / use |
example |
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довести до слушателя, заставить понять
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преуспеть |
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get around to = get round to doing smth |
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get back smth
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11) get by
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17) get off
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22) get out of |
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22) get over smth
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23) get round |
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24) get together |
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25) get through (to smb/smth)
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26) get to
get to smb. |
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