- •Введение
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Find the definition of automation. Explain the origin of the word “automation”
- •4 Make up dialogues with your group mates using information from the text
- •5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Prepare the brief annotation of the text
- •4 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •Text 3 early developments of automation
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Answer the following questions. If you need scan the text again
- •Автоматизация и электроника
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Be ready to comment on:
- •Sources of power available to accomplish some automated action
- •Two types of the actions performed by automated systems
- •Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •Give extended answers to the following questions:
- •4 Choose the necessary information about five basic components of feedback control system from the text and use it in your summary
- •5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •Text 7 machine programming
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information.
- •3 Comment on:
- •4 Try to arrange the text in the form of abstract
- •5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •Read the text. Point out new information
- •Answer the following questions. When you answer these questions don’t repeat exactly what the text says
- •4 Speak on: The development of robotics.
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Explain the definition of an industrial robot. Do it in dialogues of your own
- •4 Speak on the applications of the industrial mechanical manipulator
- •5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Be ready to comment on:
- •Text 11 manufacturing applications of automation and robotics
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Give extending answers to the following questions:
- •4 Speak on: Specific processing operations along an automated production line
- •5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word -combinations
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •Автоматическая сборка
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Try to grasp both the central idea and the details. Be ready to speak on:
- •3 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Skim through the text to determine the general idea
- •3 State briefly in some sentences what the flexible manufacturing system is
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Be ready to speak on:
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Find the additional information about the applications of automation in the transportation industries and use it in your summary
- •1 Read the text. Point out new information
- •State briefly what the text is about
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Be ready to speak on:
- •1 Read the text. Be ready to speak on:
- •Text 22 advantages and disadvantages of automation
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Summarize the information given in the text about:
- •Advantages of automation
- •Disdvantages of automation
- •Part II
- •Texts for supplementary reading
- •Text1 industrial robotics
- •Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text
- •3 Write one expository essay with the introduction, conclusion, and at least three body paragraphs
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •3 Give a brief summary of the text
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Speak on:
- •Computer-aided manufacturing
- •Computer-aided design
3 Comment on:
Programming commands
Programmed commands
Error detection and recovery
Safety monitoring
4 Try to arrange the text in the form of abstract
5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
Автоматизированая система управления (АСУ) – совокупность экономико-математических методов, технических средств (ЭВМ, средств связи, устройств отображения информации и т. д.) и организационных комплексов, обеспечивающих рациональное управление сложным объектом (процессом) в соответствии с заданной целью. АСУ состоит из основы и функциональной части. В основу входят: информационная база, техническая база и математическое обеспечение. К функциональной части относят набор взаимосвязанных программ, автоматизиоующих конкретные функции управления.
Важнейшая задача АСУ – повышение эффективности управления объектом (производственным, административным. и др.) на основе роста производительности труда и совершенствования методов планирования и регулирования процесса управления. Автоматическое регулирование также старо, как и Промышленная революция. Сначала его использование было ограничено механическими устройствами, но позже стало применяться в промышленном процессе.
Цель регулирующего процесса – это поддержание постоянно высокого уровня качества продукта путем минимизации влияния изменяемых условий производственного процесса. Изначально контроль производился человеком, который замечал ошибки или отклонения, исправлял их напрямую или при помощи инструментов.
Автоматические системы представлены в нескольких формах и основаны на нескольких различных принципах действия. Но в каждом случае оценка и исправление ошибок выполняется и координируется механически и оператору остается только наблюдать операцию или процесс, не принимая активного участия в нем. Автоматическое регулирование широко применяется в нефтяной, химической и других областях промышленности, связанных с текучими веществами, а также оно существует и на других производствах в других формах.
TEXT 8 DEVELOPMENT OF ROBOTICS
1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
machine tool axes – оси станка
remote location – отдаленное расположение
to trace – отыскивать, отслеживать, регистрировать
to duplicate – дублировать, удваивать, повторять
notion – представление, понятие, мнение, взгляд
to contribute – содействовать, способствовать
die-casting – литье под давлением
to issue – издавать, опубликовать
to team – объединяться в команду
Read the text. Point out new information
Robotics is based on two related technologies: numerical control and teleoperators. Numerical control (NC) is a method of controlling machine tool axes by means of numbers that have been coded on punched paper tape or other media. It was developed during the late 1940s and early 1950s. The first numerical control machine tool was demonstrated in 1952 in the United States at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Subsequent research at MIT led to the development of the APT (Automatically Programmed Tools) language for programming machine tools.
A teleoperator is a mechanical manipulator that is controlled by a human from a remote location. Initial work on the design of teleoperators can be traced to the handling of radioactive materials in the early 1940s. In a typical implementation, a human moves a mechanical arm and hand at one location, and these motions are duplicated by the manipulator at another location.
Industrial robotics can be considered a combination of numerical-control and teleoperator technologies. Numerical control provides the concept of a programmable industrial machine, and teleoperator technology contributes the notion of a mechanical arm to perform useful work. The first industrial robot was installed in 1961 to unload parts from a die-casting operation. Its development was due largely to the efforts of the Americans George C. Devol, an inventor, and Joseph F. Engelberger, a businessman. Devol originated the design for a programmable manipulator, the U.S. patent for which was issued in 1961. Engelberger teamed with Devol to promote the use of robots in industry and to establish the first corporation in robotics—Unimation, Inc.