- •Введение
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Find the definition of automation. Explain the origin of the word “automation”
- •4 Make up dialogues with your group mates using information from the text
- •5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Prepare the brief annotation of the text
- •4 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •Text 3 early developments of automation
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Answer the following questions. If you need scan the text again
- •Автоматизация и электроника
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Be ready to comment on:
- •Sources of power available to accomplish some automated action
- •Two types of the actions performed by automated systems
- •Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •Give extended answers to the following questions:
- •4 Choose the necessary information about five basic components of feedback control system from the text and use it in your summary
- •5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •Text 7 machine programming
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information.
- •3 Comment on:
- •4 Try to arrange the text in the form of abstract
- •5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •Read the text. Point out new information
- •Answer the following questions. When you answer these questions don’t repeat exactly what the text says
- •4 Speak on: The development of robotics.
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Explain the definition of an industrial robot. Do it in dialogues of your own
- •4 Speak on the applications of the industrial mechanical manipulator
- •5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Be ready to comment on:
- •Text 11 manufacturing applications of automation and robotics
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Give extending answers to the following questions:
- •4 Speak on: Specific processing operations along an automated production line
- •5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word -combinations
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •Автоматическая сборка
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Try to grasp both the central idea and the details. Be ready to speak on:
- •3 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Skim through the text to determine the general idea
- •3 State briefly in some sentences what the flexible manufacturing system is
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Be ready to speak on:
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Find the additional information about the applications of automation in the transportation industries and use it in your summary
- •1 Read the text. Point out new information
- •State briefly what the text is about
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Be ready to speak on:
- •1 Read the text. Be ready to speak on:
- •Text 22 advantages and disadvantages of automation
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Summarize the information given in the text about:
- •Advantages of automation
- •Disdvantages of automation
- •Part II
- •Texts for supplementary reading
- •Text1 industrial robotics
- •Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text
- •3 Write one expository essay with the introduction, conclusion, and at least three body paragraphs
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •3 Give a brief summary of the text
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Speak on:
- •Computer-aided manufacturing
- •Computer-aided design
4 Speak on: Specific processing operations along an automated production line
5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word -combinations
Автоматическая линия – система машин, основного и вспомогательного оборудования, автоматически выполняющих весь процесс изготовления или переработки продукта производства или его части. Применяются для перемещения грузов, при сборке машин и т. д. Процесс автоматического перемещения достиг больших успехов в последние годы. Сейчас не представляет сложности перемещения жидкостей в процессе производства и существует много нового оборудования для перемещения грузов (твердых тел), например гравитационные питатели для машин, гравитационных и выбраторных конвееров.
Также многие твердые тела можно переправлять как жидкости, взвешивать их в форме жидкости, перегонять их по трубам и каналам путем разложения, преобразования в пасту или ожижения – разделять их пока они не примут форму жидкости.
Более трудно перемещать твердые тела внушительных размеров, которые имеются на машиностроительных предприятиях, но уже некоторые из них автоматически передаются от одного станка к другому, а также из одного цеха в другой (линии производства). Поток материалов и состовляющих через весь завод до сих пор координируется человеком, но также может контролироваться (а иногда и контролируется) компьютером. Многое из этой техники находится на ранней стадии развития, но их использование похоже будет постепенно развиваться в ближайшем будущем.
TEXT 13 NUMERICAL CONTROL
1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
alternative storage medium – резервный носитель данных
Cartesian axis system – Декартова система координат
initial entry – начальное значение, вводимые данные, вход, ввод
to eliminate – уничтожать, устранять, исключать
numerical control – числовое программное управление
component-insertion machine – сборочная машина
drafting machine – графопостроитель, координатограф
flame cutting machine – газорезательная машина
explicitly – ясно, четко, точно, прямо
precision – точность, аккуратность
2 Read the text. Point out new information
As discussed above, numerical control is a form of programmable automation in which a machine is controlled by numbers (and other symbols) that have been coded on punched paper tape or an alternative storage medium. The initial application of numerical control was in the machine tool industry, to control the position of a cutting tool relative to the work part being machined. The NC part program represents the set of machining instructions for the particular part. The coded numbers in the program specify x-y-z coordinates in a Cartesian axis system, defining the various positions of the cutting tool in relation to the work part. By sequencing these positions in the program, the machine tool is directed to accomplish the machining of the part. A position feedback control system is used in most NC machines to verify that the coded instructions have been correctly performed.
Today a small computer is used as the controller in an NC machine tool, and the program is actuated from computer memory rather than punched paper tape. However, initial entry of the program into computer memory is often still accomplished using punched tape. Since this form of numerical control is implemented by computer, it is called computer numerical control, or CNC. Another variation in the implementation of numerical control involves sending part programs over telecommunications lines from a central computer to individual machine tools in the factory, thus eliminating the use of the punched tape altogether. This form of numerical control is called direct numerical control, or DNC.
Many applications of numerical control have been developed since its initial use to control machine tools. Other machines using numerical control include component-insertion machines used in electronics assembly, drafting machines that prepare engineering drawings, coordinate measuring machines that perform accurate inspections of parts, and flame cutting machines and similar devices. In these applications, the term numerical control is not always used explicitly, but the operating principle is the same: coded numerical data are employed to control the position of a tool or workhead relative to some object.
To illustrate these alternative applications of numerical control, the component-insertion machine will be considered here. Such a machine is used to position electronic components (e.g., semiconductor chip modules) onto a printed circuit board (PCB). It is basically an x-y positioning table that moves the printed circuit board relative to the part-insertion head, which then places the individual component into position on the board. A typical printed circuit board has dozens of individual components that must be placed on its surface; in many cases, the lead wires of the components must be inserted into small holes in the board, requiring great precision by the insertion machine. The program that controls the machine indicates which components are to be placed on the board and their locations. This information is contained in the product-design database and is typically communicated directly from the computer to the insertion machine.
3 Give extending answers to the following questions
In what industry was the initial application of numerical control?
What does the NC part program represent?
What way is the machine tool directed to accomplish the machining of the part?
What is the aim of using a position feedback control system?
What is computer numerical control?
What is called direct numerical control?
4 Make up dialogues on the text, using the given questions and your answers
5 Speak on the applications of numerical control
6 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
Числовое программное управление (ЧПУ) металлообрабатывающим оборудованием, управление обработкой заготовки на станке по программе, заданной в цифровой форме. Микропроцессор ЧПУ выдает управляющие воздействия на исполнительные органы станка в соответствии с программой и информацией о состоянии управляемого объекта. При необходимости изменения режима работы станка в микропроцессор вводится новая программа.
Станки ЧПУ сочетают высокую производительность, присущую специальным станкам-автоматам, с гибкостью, быстротой переналаживания на другой режим работы, что характерно для универсальных станков. Первые системы ЧПУ станками разработаны в СССР в 1948-50 гг. Принцип ЧПУ используется и для других видов оборудования – промышленных роботов, измерительных машин, погрузчиков, сварочных агрегатов.
TEXT 14 AUTOMATED ASSEMBLY