- •1.1 Lead-in
- •1.2 Language input
- •1.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •1.3 Background information Politology and Political Science
- •1.4 Comprehension
- •1.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers:
- •1.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •1.4.3 Write a paragraph on:
- •1.5 Practice
- •1.5.3 Read the text, ignoring the missing parts.
- •1.5.4 Look at the missing parts a-g and fit them in the gaps. There is one extra you don't need.
- •1.5.5 Scan the above texts and find the English equivalents for the following.
- •1.5.6 Do it in English:
- •1.5.8 Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
- •1.6 Dialogue
- •Can the study of politics be scientific?
- •Politics as public affairs
- •History and development of political science
- •Indian Sub-Continent
- •1.7 Role play Studying politics
- •1.8 Grammar back up practice with nouns & their determiners Practice with Nouns
- •What kind of noun is it? Is it a countable or uncountable noun?
- •Is the form of a noun correct?
- •Practice with Articles, Demonstratives and other Determiners
- •When and where do we use determiners?
- •If the underlined word or words are used incorrectly, make correction.
- •2. Should the definite article “the” be used?
- •3. Which article should be used?
- •4. Are the demonstratives (“this”, ”that”, ”these”, ”those”) used correctly?
- •2.1 Lead-in
- •2.2 Language input
- •2.2.1 Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations, quote the sentences in which they are used in the text or submit the examples of your own:
- •2.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •2.3 Background information Sociology and Social Science
- •2.4 Comprehension
- •2.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers:
- •2.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •2.4.3 Write a paragraph on:
- •2.5 Practice
- •2.5.3 Read the text, ignoring the missing parts.
- •2.5.4 Look at the missing parts a-g and fit them in the gaps. There is one extra you don't need.
- •2.5.5 Scan the three texts and find the English equivalents for the following.
- •2.5.6 Do it in English:
- •2.5.7 Use the plan and helpful phrases given in Appendix 1 to profile the subject of sociology, methods and techniques. Surf the Internet, find extra information and base your presentation on it.
- •2.5.8 Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
- •2.6 Dialogue
- •What is scientific method?
- •Areas of sociology
- •British society
- •2.7 Role play Social groups
- •2.8 Grammar back up practice with verbs (I) Practice with the Present Simple and the Present Continuous
- •1. What does the Present Simple denote?
- •2. What does the Present Continuous denote?
- •Practice with the Past Simple and the Past Continuous
- •1. Is the past simple used correctly?
- •2. Is the past continuous used correctly?
- •3.1 Lead-in
- •3.2 Language input
- •Developing vocabulary
- •3.2.1 Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations, quote the sentences in which they are used in the text or submit the examples of your own.
- •3.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column.
- •3.3 Background information Political Power and Governance Systems
- •3.4 Comprehension
- •3.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers.
- •3.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •3.4.3 Write a paragraph on:
- •3.5 Practice
- •Economic Power versus Political Power
- •3.5.3 Read the text, ignoring the missing parts.
- •Figure 1: Characteristics of good governance
- •3.5.4 Look at the missing parts a-g and fit them in the gaps.
- •3.5.5 Scan the above texts and find the English equivalents for the following.
- •3.5.6 Do it in English:
- •3.5.8 Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
- •3.6 Dialogue
- •What is social order?
- •Government Creates Social Order?
- •The British Class System
- •3.7 Role play Political System, State and Government
- •3.8 Grammar back up practice with verbs (II) Practice with the Present Perfect
- •1. What kind of action does the Present Perfect form denote?
- •2. Do we use any particular words to modify the Present Perfect?
- •3. What words help us denote the period of action under consideration?
- •4. Should we use the Present Perfect or the Past Simple?
- •Complete the sentences using the Present Perfect of the verbs in brackets.
- •Give a short summary of what each of the speakers has said.
- •Practice with the Present Perfect Continuous
- •5. Should the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous be used?
- •Practice with the Past Perfect
- •1. What kind of action does the Past Perfect denote?
- •2. Are any words used to underline the meaning of the Past Perfect?
- •Practice with the Past Perfect Continuous
- •1. What kind of action does the Past Perfect Continuous denote?
- •2. Which tense is usually used with the verbs not admitting of the continuous form?
- •3. Which tense do we usually use with non-terminative verbs?
- •Practice with adjectives
- •1. What is the place of an adjective in English?
- •2. What is the order of adjectives when we use two or more adjectives together?
- •Practice with Comparatives and Superlatives
- •1. Is the comparative or superlative form correct?
- •2. Is the comparative or superlative used correctly?
- •3. Is the parallel comparison used correctly?
- •4.1 Lead-in
- •4.2 Language input
- •Developing vocabulary
- •4.2.1 Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations, quote the sentences in which they are used in the text or submit the examples of your own:
- •4.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •4.3 Background information Social Structure and Social System
- •4.4 Comprehension
- •4.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers:
- •4.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •4.4.3 Write a paragraph on:
- •4.5 Practice
- •Living in a Social Class System – Upward Social Mobility
- •4.5.3 Read the text, ignoring the missing parts. Ascription and Achievement: England
- •4.5.4 Look at the missing parts a-l and fit them in the gaps. There is one extra you don't need.
- •4.5.5 Scan the above texts and find the English equivalents for the following.
- •4.5.6 Do it in English:
- •4.5.7 Use the plan and helpful phrases given in Appendix 1 to profile the social structure and social system. Surf the Internet, find extra information and base your presentation on it.
- •4.5.8 Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
- •4.6 Dialogue
- •The Process of Social Stratification
- •Questions on Social Stratification
- •Social Stratification in India
- •4.7 Role play What are Socio-economic Issues?
- •4.8 Grammar back up practice with future: will, going to and the present continuous for the future
- •1. When do we use will to talk about the future in English?
- •2. What is the difference between will and to be going to when used in predictions about the future?
- •3. When do we use the present continuous and to be going to to express future in English?
- •Practice with the Present Simple for the Future
- •1. What kind of events do we mean when we use the present simple for the future?
- •Practice with the Future Continuous
- •1. In what cases do we use future continuous?
- •Practice with the Future Perfect
- •1. In what cases do we usually use the future perfect?
- •Practice with the Future in the Past:
- •1. What occasions do we mean using the future in the past?
- •Appendix 1
- •Appendix 2
- •Contents
Questions on Social Stratification
What is social stratification? Stratification is a hierarchy of positions with regard to economic production which influences the social rewards to those in the positions.
What is class? Class is large set of people regarded by themselves or others as sharing similar status with regard to wealth, power and prestige.
What are the major forms of stratification? Primitive communalism is characterized by a high degree of sharing and minimal social inequality. Slavery involves great social inequality and the ownership of some persons by others. Caste in which an individual is permanently assigned to a status is based on his or her parents' status. Feudalism is an estate in which peasants are required by law to work while land is owned by the noble class in exchange for food and protection from outside attacks.
How do stratification systems differ? Openness is the opportunity for individuals to change their status. Caste stratification systems are closed whereas class stratification systems are more open. The degree of equality is the degree to which the social structure approaches an equal distribution of resources. Hunting and gathering societies are typically very equal with inequality developing in later stages of agriculture and industrialization.
What is social mobility? Social mobility is the movement of a person from one status to another, either between generations or within a person's adult career.
What is structural mobility? Structural mobility is mobility brought about by changes in the stratification hierarchy for instance as society becomes more technologically advanced.
READING FOR CROSS-CULTURAL ASSOCIATIONS
Read the excerpt below about the history and development of political science. Make use of the given information in the role-play.
Social Stratification in India
Social stratification exists in contemporary society under the social class system - from poor to rich and with varying degrees in between. Social stratification refers to the social and economic categorization of individuals within a societal framework – it not only makes reference to traditional wealth and influence but also to treatment of an individual with regards to their sex, race, religion, and even appearance.
One of the best examples of overt, systemic social stratification was (and, arguably, continues to be) the caste system in India. While the caste system has been remodeled, the social inheritance of such a long legacy of overt stratification means that many people still firmly believe in their social superiority or inferiority (as do many institutions and authorities whom still lend great credence to the notion of caste).
Born into a caste, one is subject to riches or ridicule, advancement and expectation from birth or simple disregard and disdain on the other end of the spectrum. The lowest caste, termed the “untouchables,” is comprised of individuals who barely qualify as persons in the eyes of many countrymen.
Caste is static, a mark of heritage, and while one may escape the economic conditions of their caste, they remain a member of that caste for the remainder of their life.