- •1.1 Lead-in
- •1.2 Language input
- •1.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •1.3 Background information Politology and Political Science
- •1.4 Comprehension
- •1.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers:
- •1.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •1.4.3 Write a paragraph on:
- •1.5 Practice
- •1.5.3 Read the text, ignoring the missing parts.
- •1.5.4 Look at the missing parts a-g and fit them in the gaps. There is one extra you don't need.
- •1.5.5 Scan the above texts and find the English equivalents for the following.
- •1.5.6 Do it in English:
- •1.5.8 Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
- •1.6 Dialogue
- •Can the study of politics be scientific?
- •Politics as public affairs
- •History and development of political science
- •Indian Sub-Continent
- •1.7 Role play Studying politics
- •1.8 Grammar back up practice with nouns & their determiners Practice with Nouns
- •What kind of noun is it? Is it a countable or uncountable noun?
- •Is the form of a noun correct?
- •Practice with Articles, Demonstratives and other Determiners
- •When and where do we use determiners?
- •If the underlined word or words are used incorrectly, make correction.
- •2. Should the definite article “the” be used?
- •3. Which article should be used?
- •4. Are the demonstratives (“this”, ”that”, ”these”, ”those”) used correctly?
- •2.1 Lead-in
- •2.2 Language input
- •2.2.1 Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations, quote the sentences in which they are used in the text or submit the examples of your own:
- •2.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •2.3 Background information Sociology and Social Science
- •2.4 Comprehension
- •2.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers:
- •2.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •2.4.3 Write a paragraph on:
- •2.5 Practice
- •2.5.3 Read the text, ignoring the missing parts.
- •2.5.4 Look at the missing parts a-g and fit them in the gaps. There is one extra you don't need.
- •2.5.5 Scan the three texts and find the English equivalents for the following.
- •2.5.6 Do it in English:
- •2.5.7 Use the plan and helpful phrases given in Appendix 1 to profile the subject of sociology, methods and techniques. Surf the Internet, find extra information and base your presentation on it.
- •2.5.8 Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
- •2.6 Dialogue
- •What is scientific method?
- •Areas of sociology
- •British society
- •2.7 Role play Social groups
- •2.8 Grammar back up practice with verbs (I) Practice with the Present Simple and the Present Continuous
- •1. What does the Present Simple denote?
- •2. What does the Present Continuous denote?
- •Practice with the Past Simple and the Past Continuous
- •1. Is the past simple used correctly?
- •2. Is the past continuous used correctly?
- •3.1 Lead-in
- •3.2 Language input
- •Developing vocabulary
- •3.2.1 Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations, quote the sentences in which they are used in the text or submit the examples of your own.
- •3.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column.
- •3.3 Background information Political Power and Governance Systems
- •3.4 Comprehension
- •3.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers.
- •3.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •3.4.3 Write a paragraph on:
- •3.5 Practice
- •Economic Power versus Political Power
- •3.5.3 Read the text, ignoring the missing parts.
- •Figure 1: Characteristics of good governance
- •3.5.4 Look at the missing parts a-g and fit them in the gaps.
- •3.5.5 Scan the above texts and find the English equivalents for the following.
- •3.5.6 Do it in English:
- •3.5.8 Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
- •3.6 Dialogue
- •What is social order?
- •Government Creates Social Order?
- •The British Class System
- •3.7 Role play Political System, State and Government
- •3.8 Grammar back up practice with verbs (II) Practice with the Present Perfect
- •1. What kind of action does the Present Perfect form denote?
- •2. Do we use any particular words to modify the Present Perfect?
- •3. What words help us denote the period of action under consideration?
- •4. Should we use the Present Perfect or the Past Simple?
- •Complete the sentences using the Present Perfect of the verbs in brackets.
- •Give a short summary of what each of the speakers has said.
- •Practice with the Present Perfect Continuous
- •5. Should the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous be used?
- •Practice with the Past Perfect
- •1. What kind of action does the Past Perfect denote?
- •2. Are any words used to underline the meaning of the Past Perfect?
- •Practice with the Past Perfect Continuous
- •1. What kind of action does the Past Perfect Continuous denote?
- •2. Which tense is usually used with the verbs not admitting of the continuous form?
- •3. Which tense do we usually use with non-terminative verbs?
- •Practice with adjectives
- •1. What is the place of an adjective in English?
- •2. What is the order of adjectives when we use two or more adjectives together?
- •1. Is the comparative or superlative form correct?
- •2. Is the comparative or superlative used correctly?
- •3. Is the parallel comparison used correctly?
- •Practice with Comparatives and Superlatives
- •4.1 Lead-in
- •4.2 Language input
- •Developing vocabulary
- •4.2.1 Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations, quote the sentences in which they are used in the text or submit the examples of your own:
- •4.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •4.3 Background information Social Structure and Social System
- •4.4 Comprehension
- •4.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers:
- •4.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •4.4.3 Write a paragraph on:
- •4.5 Practice
- •Living in a Social Class System – Upward Social Mobility
- •4.5.3 Read the text, ignoring the missing parts. Ascription and Achievement: England
- •4.5.4 Look at the missing parts a-l and fit them in the gaps. There is one extra you don't need.
- •4.5.5 Scan the above texts and find the English equivalents for the following.
- •4.5.6 Do it in English:
- •4.5.7 Use the plan and helpful phrases given in Appendix 1 to profile the social structure and social system. Surf the Internet, find extra information and base your presentation on it.
- •4.5.8 Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
- •4.6 Dialogue
- •The Process of Social Stratification
- •Questions on Social Stratification
- •Social Stratification in India
- •4.7 Role play What are Socio-economic Issues?
- •4.8 Grammar back up practice with future: will, going to and the present continuous for the future
- •1. When do we use will to talk about the future in English?
- •2. What is the difference between will and to be going to when used in predictions about the future?
- •3. When do we use the present continuous and to be going to to express future in English?
- •Practice with the Present Simple for the Future
- •1. What kind of events do we mean when we use the present simple for the future?
- •Practice with the Future Continuous
- •1. In what cases do we use future continuous?
- •Practice with the Future Perfect
- •1. In what cases do we usually use the future perfect?
- •Practice with the Future in the Past:
- •1. What occasions do we mean using the future in the past?
- •Appendix 1
- •Appendix 2
- •Contents
2.8 Grammar back up practice with verbs (I) Practice with the Present Simple and the Present Continuous
Look up an English grammar reference book and find answers to the following questions:
1. What does the Present Simple denote?
2. What does the Present Continuous denote?
Consider the question what is the difference between stative and dynamic verbs.
The continuous tenses are chiefly used for deliberate actions. Some verbs are therefore not normally used in the continuous (e.g. remember, agree, love). We call them stative because they refer to states that have neither beginning nor end:
I believe he is right.
Dynamic verbs denote actions (e.g. speak, work, go) and have both simple and progressive forms:
I study social science twice a week.-I’m studying it now.
Some verbs that have stative or dynamic uses:
I think (=believe – a state) sociologists use various methods of investigation.-I’m thinking (= considering – a deliberate action) about this problem.
There are five groups of stative verbs referring to:
Feelings (like, love, hate,…)
Thinking/believing (think, understand, believe, mean, suppose, know, remember, denote, assume, forget, realise,…)
Perception (hear, see, smell, sound, taste,…)
Wants (want, prefer, need, desire,…)
Being/having/owning (appear, seem, belong, possess,… etc.)
Note! Some of the above verbs have more than one meaning: we can see these verbs in the continuous when they describe actions:
Simple uses
|
Continuous uses
|
He thinks (=believes) it’s an interesting matter to discuss. Do you see (=understand) the point?
|
I’m thinking (=considering) about this problem now.
I’m seeing (=meeting) my colleague tonight. |
Note! Verbs of physical feeling (feel, ache, hurt, etc.) can be used in either the continuous or simple forms.
I feel ill. I am feeling ill.
Exercise 1
Complete the sentences. Use the present simple of the verbs in brackets:
1. He (study) sociology Mondays and Wednesdays. He (not/have) it on other days of the week.
2. Each class we (learn) and (discover) a lot about the origin of sociology, its basic principles and stages of scientific method.
3. Sociology is a social science which (use) various methods of investigation.
4. The choice of method often (depend) largely on what the researcher intends to investigate.
5. Social researchers (draw) upon a variety of qualitative and quantitative techniques.
6. The subject matter (range) from the micro level of individual agency and interaction to the macro level of systems and the social structure.
7. Generally speaking this science (study) any factor that can impact society.
8. Social research (inform) specialists and people interested in resolving social issues in general.
9. Sociology (interact) with a variety of disciplines that study society, in particular anthropology, political science, economics, and social philosophy.
10. If I (study) sociology systematically I’ll get a better understanding of the basic principles and techniques used in sociological research.
Exercise 2
Complete the questions in the present simple. Mind that we use do/does to make questions and negative sentences:
1. How sociologists (use) various methods of empirical investigation?
2. If you define a number of techniques used in this research what (you / to be aware of)?
3. I (not/ understand) the word “stratification”. What (stratification/ mean)?
4. Who (understand) the theory of class conflict created by Karl Marx?
5. Since macrosociology deals with entire civilization what microsociology (investigate)?
6. How the meaning of “social structure” (differ) between various fields of sociology?
7. If applied sociology is connected to the professional and academic discipline of social work what pure sociology (study)?
8. This explanation is perfect. Why (you / not / want) him to repeat it?
Why you (not/call) this approach “positivism”?
Exercise 3
Choose the correct form.
1. This study uses a lot of different methods in order to investigate the way society works / is working.
2. In addition to being the study of society, sociology looks / is looking at the social lives of individual people, groups or people and entire societies.
3. While studying sociology we learn / are learning a lot about many methods used in a social science.
4. Everybody agrees / is agreeing that sociology covers a wide range of topics including culture, law, the economy, environment, education, gender etc.
5. He tries / is trying to make the right decision at the moment, so he must conduct some more research for it.
6. We study / are studying the behavior of people in different settings and compare / are comparing people of one particular group to those of another group at our lesson of sociology today.
7. According to the recent research good schools usually lead / are leading to better societies while bad schools can lead to more crime in a social circle.
8. Sociologists always seek / are seeking solutions and make / are making comparisons between the scientific model and the real world.
Exercise 4
Render the following into English:
1. Социологи применяют определенные методы изучения общества.
2. Поскольку мы хотим определить методы социологического исследования, мы рассматриваем основные принципы и стадии научного метода.
3. Я думаю, базовым элементом социологического исследования является планирование.
4. Сегодня на занятии мы делаем обзор литературы, которая необходима для нового проекта.
5. Обычно ученые используют качественные и количественные методы социологических исследований.
6. Качественные методы основаны на микросоциологических концепциях и используют для получения информации понимание и интерпретацию.
7. На данный момент я провожу количественный анализ, опираясь на статистические и математические методы исследования.
8. Научная гипотеза подтверждается не всегда. В зависимости от конечного результата мы можем ее подтвердить, опровергнуть или пересмотреть.
9. Когда проводим этот эксперимент, мы проверяем результат исследования.
10. Социология считается молодой наукой: ее основные понятия, методы и приемы только формируются на современном этапе.
11. Существует множество отраслей социологии, их число сегодня продолжает расти.
12. Ученые утверждают, что социология тесно связана с такими науками, как психология, политология, экономика, антропология, культурология.