- •1.1 Lead-in
- •1.2 Language input
- •1.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •1.3 Background information Politology and Political Science
- •1.4 Comprehension
- •1.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers:
- •1.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •1.4.3 Write a paragraph on:
- •1.5 Practice
- •1.5.3 Read the text, ignoring the missing parts.
- •1.5.4 Look at the missing parts a-g and fit them in the gaps. There is one extra you don't need.
- •1.5.5 Scan the above texts and find the English equivalents for the following.
- •1.5.6 Do it in English:
- •1.5.8 Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
- •1.6 Dialogue
- •Can the study of politics be scientific?
- •Politics as public affairs
- •History and development of political science
- •Indian Sub-Continent
- •1.7 Role play Studying politics
- •1.8 Grammar back up practice with nouns & their determiners Practice with Nouns
- •What kind of noun is it? Is it a countable or uncountable noun?
- •Is the form of a noun correct?
- •Practice with Articles, Demonstratives and other Determiners
- •When and where do we use determiners?
- •If the underlined word or words are used incorrectly, make correction.
- •2. Should the definite article “the” be used?
- •3. Which article should be used?
- •4. Are the demonstratives (“this”, ”that”, ”these”, ”those”) used correctly?
- •2.1 Lead-in
- •2.2 Language input
- •2.2.1 Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations, quote the sentences in which they are used in the text or submit the examples of your own:
- •2.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •2.3 Background information Sociology and Social Science
- •2.4 Comprehension
- •2.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers:
- •2.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •2.4.3 Write a paragraph on:
- •2.5 Practice
- •2.5.3 Read the text, ignoring the missing parts.
- •2.5.4 Look at the missing parts a-g and fit them in the gaps. There is one extra you don't need.
- •2.5.5 Scan the three texts and find the English equivalents for the following.
- •2.5.6 Do it in English:
- •2.5.7 Use the plan and helpful phrases given in Appendix 1 to profile the subject of sociology, methods and techniques. Surf the Internet, find extra information and base your presentation on it.
- •2.5.8 Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
- •2.6 Dialogue
- •What is scientific method?
- •Areas of sociology
- •British society
- •2.7 Role play Social groups
- •2.8 Grammar back up practice with verbs (I) Practice with the Present Simple and the Present Continuous
- •1. What does the Present Simple denote?
- •2. What does the Present Continuous denote?
- •Practice with the Past Simple and the Past Continuous
- •1. Is the past simple used correctly?
- •2. Is the past continuous used correctly?
- •3.1 Lead-in
- •3.2 Language input
- •Developing vocabulary
- •3.2.1 Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations, quote the sentences in which they are used in the text or submit the examples of your own.
- •3.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column.
- •3.3 Background information Political Power and Governance Systems
- •3.4 Comprehension
- •3.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers.
- •3.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •3.4.3 Write a paragraph on:
- •3.5 Practice
- •Economic Power versus Political Power
- •3.5.3 Read the text, ignoring the missing parts.
- •Figure 1: Characteristics of good governance
- •3.5.4 Look at the missing parts a-g and fit them in the gaps.
- •3.5.5 Scan the above texts and find the English equivalents for the following.
- •3.5.6 Do it in English:
- •3.5.8 Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
- •3.6 Dialogue
- •What is social order?
- •Government Creates Social Order?
- •The British Class System
- •3.7 Role play Political System, State and Government
- •3.8 Grammar back up practice with verbs (II) Practice with the Present Perfect
- •1. What kind of action does the Present Perfect form denote?
- •2. Do we use any particular words to modify the Present Perfect?
- •3. What words help us denote the period of action under consideration?
- •4. Should we use the Present Perfect or the Past Simple?
- •Complete the sentences using the Present Perfect of the verbs in brackets.
- •Give a short summary of what each of the speakers has said.
- •Practice with the Present Perfect Continuous
- •5. Should the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous be used?
- •Practice with the Past Perfect
- •1. What kind of action does the Past Perfect denote?
- •2. Are any words used to underline the meaning of the Past Perfect?
- •Practice with the Past Perfect Continuous
- •1. What kind of action does the Past Perfect Continuous denote?
- •2. Which tense is usually used with the verbs not admitting of the continuous form?
- •3. Which tense do we usually use with non-terminative verbs?
- •Practice with adjectives
- •1. What is the place of an adjective in English?
- •2. What is the order of adjectives when we use two or more adjectives together?
- •Practice with Comparatives and Superlatives
- •1. Is the comparative or superlative form correct?
- •2. Is the comparative or superlative used correctly?
- •3. Is the parallel comparison used correctly?
- •4.1 Lead-in
- •4.2 Language input
- •Developing vocabulary
- •4.2.1 Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations, quote the sentences in which they are used in the text or submit the examples of your own:
- •4.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •4.3 Background information Social Structure and Social System
- •4.4 Comprehension
- •4.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers:
- •4.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •4.4.3 Write a paragraph on:
- •4.5 Practice
- •Living in a Social Class System – Upward Social Mobility
- •4.5.3 Read the text, ignoring the missing parts. Ascription and Achievement: England
- •4.5.4 Look at the missing parts a-l and fit them in the gaps. There is one extra you don't need.
- •4.5.5 Scan the above texts and find the English equivalents for the following.
- •4.5.6 Do it in English:
- •4.5.7 Use the plan and helpful phrases given in Appendix 1 to profile the social structure and social system. Surf the Internet, find extra information and base your presentation on it.
- •4.5.8 Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
- •4.6 Dialogue
- •The Process of Social Stratification
- •Questions on Social Stratification
- •Social Stratification in India
- •4.7 Role play What are Socio-economic Issues?
- •4.8 Grammar back up practice with future: will, going to and the present continuous for the future
- •1. When do we use will to talk about the future in English?
- •2. What is the difference between will and to be going to when used in predictions about the future?
- •3. When do we use the present continuous and to be going to to express future in English?
- •Practice with the Present Simple for the Future
- •1. What kind of events do we mean when we use the present simple for the future?
- •Practice with the Future Continuous
- •1. In what cases do we use future continuous?
- •Practice with the Future Perfect
- •1. In what cases do we usually use the future perfect?
- •Practice with the Future in the Past:
- •1. What occasions do we mean using the future in the past?
- •Appendix 1
- •Appendix 2
- •Contents
Practice with adjectives
Ask yourself these questions when checking adjectives.
1. What is the place of an adjective in English?
a. An adjective can come in two places in a sentence:
– before a noun
A political system is a cultural universal and a social institution formed in every society.
– after the verbs be, become, look, appear, seem, feel, taste, smell, sound, ... etc. when we describe the subject of a sentence.
The legislative process is long and complicated. Our wants are very complex.
The idea sounds good, but seems very complicated.
b. A few adjectives can come after a verb, but not before a noun: asleep, alone, alive, awake, afraid, ill, well.
He is asleep. (not: an asleep man)
Before nouns we use :
sleeping |
instead of |
asleep |
( a sleeping man ) |
living |
instead of |
alive |
( a living habit ) |
frightened |
instead of |
afraid |
( a frightened animal ) |
sick |
instead of |
ill |
( a sick child ) |
healthy |
instead of |
well |
( healthy people ) |
c. In expressions of measurement, the adjective normally comes after the measurement noun.
Prime Minister is 42 years old.
I’m 1.80 metres tall.
2. What is the order of adjectives when we use two or more adjectives together?
a. When we use two or more adjectives together, “opinion” adjectives (nice, beautiful) normally go before “fact” adjectives (sunny, blue).
a nice sunny day a beautiful blue dress
b. When two or more fact adjectives come before a noun, they normally go in the following order:
size + age + shape + colour + origin + material + purpose + NOUN
a large plastic box (size + material)
a young Russian girl (age + origin)
a tall thin man (size + shape)
a black plastic shopping bag (colour + material + purpose)
Exercise 1
Put the words in the right order:
e.g. is / a / generous / Kate / woman / very. – Kate is a very generous woman.
1. There was an excess of (spiral / thin / writing / imported) blocks, but we needed the thick ones.
2. We tried to place the members of the committee at two (round / expensive / wooden / large) tables.
3. For him the purchase of a pair of (leather / costly / black) shoes is a financial sacrifice.
4. blue / seen / have / my / you / shirt ?
5. I’m afraid customers will soon stop buying (red / those / plastic / cheap) raincoats.
6. People with lower incomes rate the utility of (Japanese / tiny) TV sets very highly.
7. I cannot approve of buying too much (French / fancy / white) rolls.
8. My son is inclined to think that (black / high / English / leather / new) boots are a must for a teenage boy.
Exercise 2
Open the brackets and complete each sentence using the most suitable adjectives.
1. Mr. Jackson was worrying about the future of the government because elderly Prime Minister was seriously ____. He was a very ____ person. (sick / ill).
2. The deep and ____ influence which he exerted upon society is highly appreciated. (healthy / well).
3. You look ____. You are so pale and tired. (sick / ill).
4. He was ____ (afraid / frightened). Suddenly he saw ____ (a sleeping / asleep) man in the dark room.
5. The little boy was ____ (asleep / alone / alive) in the whole world. He resembled ____ (a frightened / afraid) bird.
6. In some of Canadian provinces it is ____ (a living / alive) tradition to give Christmas “boxes” of gifts on December 26th to those, who have served the family
throughout the year and also among the family and children.
7. Nurses look after ____ (sick / ill) people.
8. I am (afraid / frightened) the situation in urban areas is much more complex.
Exercise 3
Look at the underlined parts in each sentence. Choose the one that is incorrect.
1. I’m afraid we should have a two-weeks survey to find out the relative demand for
A B
these nine-pound T-shirts outside the UK.
C D
2. If a period of employment is interrupted for more than six months, the
A
employee has to work a further period to be entitled to a full pension. The period
C B
is five year long.
D
3. It’ll be half an hour walk. The distance is only a two miles long.
A B C D
4. Our voters are usually offered a ten pages catalogue containing information
A B C
about our committees’s concepts.
D
5. The new members of Congress are young and risky. Mr. Drain is only ten year
A B
older, but he is inclined to be cautious and firmly believes that he knows the best
C D
way to clear up some concepts and terms.
6. When Henryk was fourteen years old he was interesting in the control of the
A B
underground school market.
C D
7. At last Tom saw the new coloured book he was looking for, the
A B
price was $15. And he had only five-dollar note for his needs.
C D