- •1.1 Lead-in
- •1.2 Language input
- •1.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •1.3 Background information Politology and Political Science
- •1.4 Comprehension
- •1.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers:
- •1.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •1.4.3 Write a paragraph on:
- •1.5 Practice
- •1.5.3 Read the text, ignoring the missing parts.
- •1.5.4 Look at the missing parts a-g and fit them in the gaps. There is one extra you don't need.
- •1.5.5 Scan the above texts and find the English equivalents for the following.
- •1.5.6 Do it in English:
- •1.5.8 Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
- •1.6 Dialogue
- •Can the study of politics be scientific?
- •Politics as public affairs
- •History and development of political science
- •Indian Sub-Continent
- •1.7 Role play Studying politics
- •1.8 Grammar back up practice with nouns & their determiners Practice with Nouns
- •What kind of noun is it? Is it a countable or uncountable noun?
- •Is the form of a noun correct?
- •Practice with Articles, Demonstratives and other Determiners
- •When and where do we use determiners?
- •If the underlined word or words are used incorrectly, make correction.
- •2. Should the definite article “the” be used?
- •3. Which article should be used?
- •4. Are the demonstratives (“this”, ”that”, ”these”, ”those”) used correctly?
- •2.1 Lead-in
- •2.2 Language input
- •2.2.1 Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations, quote the sentences in which they are used in the text or submit the examples of your own:
- •2.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •2.3 Background information Sociology and Social Science
- •2.4 Comprehension
- •2.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers:
- •2.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •2.4.3 Write a paragraph on:
- •2.5 Practice
- •2.5.3 Read the text, ignoring the missing parts.
- •2.5.4 Look at the missing parts a-g and fit them in the gaps. There is one extra you don't need.
- •2.5.5 Scan the three texts and find the English equivalents for the following.
- •2.5.6 Do it in English:
- •2.5.7 Use the plan and helpful phrases given in Appendix 1 to profile the subject of sociology, methods and techniques. Surf the Internet, find extra information and base your presentation on it.
- •2.5.8 Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
- •2.6 Dialogue
- •What is scientific method?
- •Areas of sociology
- •British society
- •2.7 Role play Social groups
- •2.8 Grammar back up practice with verbs (I) Practice with the Present Simple and the Present Continuous
- •1. What does the Present Simple denote?
- •2. What does the Present Continuous denote?
- •Practice with the Past Simple and the Past Continuous
- •1. Is the past simple used correctly?
- •2. Is the past continuous used correctly?
- •3.1 Lead-in
- •3.2 Language input
- •Developing vocabulary
- •3.2.1 Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations, quote the sentences in which they are used in the text or submit the examples of your own.
- •3.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column.
- •3.3 Background information Political Power and Governance Systems
- •3.4 Comprehension
- •3.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers.
- •3.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •3.4.3 Write a paragraph on:
- •3.5 Practice
- •Economic Power versus Political Power
- •3.5.3 Read the text, ignoring the missing parts.
- •Figure 1: Characteristics of good governance
- •3.5.4 Look at the missing parts a-g and fit them in the gaps.
- •3.5.5 Scan the above texts and find the English equivalents for the following.
- •3.5.6 Do it in English:
- •3.5.8 Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
- •3.6 Dialogue
- •What is social order?
- •Government Creates Social Order?
- •The British Class System
- •3.7 Role play Political System, State and Government
- •3.8 Grammar back up practice with verbs (II) Practice with the Present Perfect
- •1. What kind of action does the Present Perfect form denote?
- •2. Do we use any particular words to modify the Present Perfect?
- •3. What words help us denote the period of action under consideration?
- •4. Should we use the Present Perfect or the Past Simple?
- •Complete the sentences using the Present Perfect of the verbs in brackets.
- •Give a short summary of what each of the speakers has said.
- •Practice with the Present Perfect Continuous
- •5. Should the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous be used?
- •Practice with the Past Perfect
- •1. What kind of action does the Past Perfect denote?
- •2. Are any words used to underline the meaning of the Past Perfect?
- •Practice with the Past Perfect Continuous
- •1. What kind of action does the Past Perfect Continuous denote?
- •2. Which tense is usually used with the verbs not admitting of the continuous form?
- •3. Which tense do we usually use with non-terminative verbs?
- •Practice with adjectives
- •1. What is the place of an adjective in English?
- •2. What is the order of adjectives when we use two or more adjectives together?
- •Practice with Comparatives and Superlatives
- •1. Is the comparative or superlative form correct?
- •2. Is the comparative or superlative used correctly?
- •3. Is the parallel comparison used correctly?
- •4.1 Lead-in
- •4.2 Language input
- •Developing vocabulary
- •4.2.1 Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations, quote the sentences in which they are used in the text or submit the examples of your own:
- •4.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •4.3 Background information Social Structure and Social System
- •4.4 Comprehension
- •4.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers:
- •4.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •4.4.3 Write a paragraph on:
- •4.5 Practice
- •Living in a Social Class System – Upward Social Mobility
- •4.5.3 Read the text, ignoring the missing parts. Ascription and Achievement: England
- •4.5.4 Look at the missing parts a-l and fit them in the gaps. There is one extra you don't need.
- •4.5.5 Scan the above texts and find the English equivalents for the following.
- •4.5.6 Do it in English:
- •4.5.7 Use the plan and helpful phrases given in Appendix 1 to profile the social structure and social system. Surf the Internet, find extra information and base your presentation on it.
- •4.5.8 Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
- •4.6 Dialogue
- •The Process of Social Stratification
- •Questions on Social Stratification
- •Social Stratification in India
- •4.7 Role play What are Socio-economic Issues?
- •4.8 Grammar back up practice with future: will, going to and the present continuous for the future
- •1. When do we use will to talk about the future in English?
- •2. What is the difference between will and to be going to when used in predictions about the future?
- •3. When do we use the present continuous and to be going to to express future in English?
- •Practice with the Present Simple for the Future
- •1. What kind of events do we mean when we use the present simple for the future?
- •Practice with the Future Continuous
- •1. In what cases do we use future continuous?
- •Practice with the Future Perfect
- •1. In what cases do we usually use the future perfect?
- •Practice with the Future in the Past:
- •1. What occasions do we mean using the future in the past?
- •Appendix 1
- •Appendix 2
- •Contents
If the underlined word or words are used incorrectly, make correction.
The term political science is more popular in North America than in any another country in the world.
One of the two major founding fathers of “political philosophy” is Plato and other is Aristotle.
Another goods, such as furniture, or refrigerators, last longer.
Teaching is yet another action called service.
Some goods are bought for personal use while another are bought for resale.
Amongst other recent theoretical approaches to politics is what is called formal political theory, variously known as 'political economy', 'public-choice theory’ and 'rational-choice theory'.
Another advice will help you to develop a useful personal budget.
One theoretical approach may have a broader impact on political analysis while another may have no influence at all.
Exercise 2
Choose the correct form.
The largest and most influential of these / this city-states was Athens.
Political science intersects with several / both fields, including anthropology, public policy, national politics, economics, political systems, etc.
Political science is methodologically diverse and appropriates many / much methods originating in social research.
They measure the / a success of governance and specific policies by examining many / much factors, including stability, justice, material wealth, and peace.
There was little / few information concerning three distinct sub-disciplines which together constitute political science: political philosophy, comparative politics and international relations.
All / every political scientists study matters concerning the / an allocation and transfer of power in decision making, the / a roles and systems of governance including governments and international organizations, political behavior and public policies.
Politics is an essentially social activity through which some / little people make, preserve and amend the general rules under which they live.
In the absence of an / - exact data, we have no or fewer / less reliable means of testing human behavior as we cannot get 'inside' a / the human being.
It’s a / - common knowledge that the principal modes of governance are markets, hierarchies and networks.
The ideas of both / every founding fathers of philosophical tradition have formed the basis of what is called the 'traditional' approach to politics.
2. Should the definite article “the” be used?
We do not normally use “the” with proper nouns referring to people. However, if we are talking about family, we can say “the Browns”.
We use “the” with:
some adjectives to talk about groups of people.
The politicians were discussing the problems of the poor and unemployed.
When we use “the” with an adjective as the subject of a verb, we use a plural verb.
In the cities the poor are as badly off as they were in the villages.
some nationality adjectives to talk about the people who live in a country.
the English (the people of England), the Dutch (the people of Holland ), ... etc.
Note: these nationality adjectives all end in -sh ( the English), -ch ( the French), or -ese (the Japanese).
With other nationalities we use a plural noun ending in -s with or without “the”.
(the) Italians, (the) Germans
When we use “the” with a nationality adjective as the subject of a verb, we use a plural verb.
The French are proud of their country.
We do use “the” with many proper nouns referring to geographical places:
with canals, deserts, forests, oceans, rivers, seas, and plural islands, lakes and mountains.
the Suez Canal, the Black Forest, the Hawaiian Islands, the Atlantic Ocean
when the name of a country, or state includes the word “of”, the type of government, or a plural form.
The Republic of Ireland, The United Kingdom, The Philippines.
with the following states, cities, and places.
the Netherlands, the Argentine (but Argentina), the Vatican, the Crimea, the Caucasus, the Hague, the City (of London)
with the names of hotels, cinemas, museums, clubs, restaurants, pubs.
the Plaza Hotel the Odeon Cinema the Swan Restaurant
before names with “of”.
the Bank of England (but: Moscow Narodny Bank, or Mellon Bank)
the University of London (but: London University)
with the names of newspapers and journals.
The Times , The Guardian
We do not use “the” with:
planets and singular islands, lakes, mountains, and parks.
Central Park Fiji Island Lake Baikal Mount Everest
the names of countries and states, continents and cities, streets.
Japan, Russia, Africa, Chicago, Mexico City, Oxford Street