- •1.1 Lead-in
- •1.2 Language input
- •1.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •1.3 Background information Politology and Political Science
- •1.4 Comprehension
- •1.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers:
- •1.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •1.4.3 Write a paragraph on:
- •1.5 Practice
- •1.5.3 Read the text, ignoring the missing parts.
- •1.5.4 Look at the missing parts a-g and fit them in the gaps. There is one extra you don't need.
- •1.5.5 Scan the above texts and find the English equivalents for the following.
- •1.5.6 Do it in English:
- •1.5.8 Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
- •1.6 Dialogue
- •Can the study of politics be scientific?
- •Politics as public affairs
- •History and development of political science
- •Indian Sub-Continent
- •1.7 Role play Studying politics
- •1.8 Grammar back up practice with nouns & their determiners Practice with Nouns
- •What kind of noun is it? Is it a countable or uncountable noun?
- •Is the form of a noun correct?
- •Practice with Articles, Demonstratives and other Determiners
- •When and where do we use determiners?
- •If the underlined word or words are used incorrectly, make correction.
- •2. Should the definite article “the” be used?
- •3. Which article should be used?
- •4. Are the demonstratives (“this”, ”that”, ”these”, ”those”) used correctly?
- •2.1 Lead-in
- •2.2 Language input
- •2.2.1 Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations, quote the sentences in which they are used in the text or submit the examples of your own:
- •2.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •2.3 Background information Sociology and Social Science
- •2.4 Comprehension
- •2.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers:
- •2.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •2.4.3 Write a paragraph on:
- •2.5 Practice
- •2.5.3 Read the text, ignoring the missing parts.
- •2.5.4 Look at the missing parts a-g and fit them in the gaps. There is one extra you don't need.
- •2.5.5 Scan the three texts and find the English equivalents for the following.
- •2.5.6 Do it in English:
- •2.5.7 Use the plan and helpful phrases given in Appendix 1 to profile the subject of sociology, methods and techniques. Surf the Internet, find extra information and base your presentation on it.
- •2.5.8 Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
- •2.6 Dialogue
- •What is scientific method?
- •Areas of sociology
- •British society
- •2.7 Role play Social groups
- •2.8 Grammar back up practice with verbs (I) Practice with the Present Simple and the Present Continuous
- •1. What does the Present Simple denote?
- •2. What does the Present Continuous denote?
- •Practice with the Past Simple and the Past Continuous
- •1. Is the past simple used correctly?
- •2. Is the past continuous used correctly?
- •3.1 Lead-in
- •3.2 Language input
- •Developing vocabulary
- •3.2.1 Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations, quote the sentences in which they are used in the text or submit the examples of your own.
- •3.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column.
- •3.3 Background information Political Power and Governance Systems
- •3.4 Comprehension
- •3.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers.
- •3.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •3.4.3 Write a paragraph on:
- •3.5 Practice
- •Economic Power versus Political Power
- •3.5.3 Read the text, ignoring the missing parts.
- •Figure 1: Characteristics of good governance
- •3.5.4 Look at the missing parts a-g and fit them in the gaps.
- •3.5.5 Scan the above texts and find the English equivalents for the following.
- •3.5.6 Do it in English:
- •3.5.8 Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
- •3.6 Dialogue
- •What is social order?
- •Government Creates Social Order?
- •The British Class System
- •3.7 Role play Political System, State and Government
- •3.8 Grammar back up practice with verbs (II) Practice with the Present Perfect
- •1. What kind of action does the Present Perfect form denote?
- •2. Do we use any particular words to modify the Present Perfect?
- •3. What words help us denote the period of action under consideration?
- •4. Should we use the Present Perfect or the Past Simple?
- •Complete the sentences using the Present Perfect of the verbs in brackets.
- •Give a short summary of what each of the speakers has said.
- •Practice with the Present Perfect Continuous
- •5. Should the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous be used?
- •Practice with the Past Perfect
- •1. What kind of action does the Past Perfect denote?
- •2. Are any words used to underline the meaning of the Past Perfect?
- •Practice with the Past Perfect Continuous
- •1. What kind of action does the Past Perfect Continuous denote?
- •2. Which tense is usually used with the verbs not admitting of the continuous form?
- •3. Which tense do we usually use with non-terminative verbs?
- •Practice with adjectives
- •1. What is the place of an adjective in English?
- •2. What is the order of adjectives when we use two or more adjectives together?
- •Practice with Comparatives and Superlatives
- •1. Is the comparative or superlative form correct?
- •2. Is the comparative or superlative used correctly?
- •3. Is the parallel comparison used correctly?
- •4.1 Lead-in
- •4.2 Language input
- •Developing vocabulary
- •4.2.1 Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations, quote the sentences in which they are used in the text or submit the examples of your own:
- •4.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •4.3 Background information Social Structure and Social System
- •4.4 Comprehension
- •4.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers:
- •4.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •4.4.3 Write a paragraph on:
- •4.5 Practice
- •Living in a Social Class System – Upward Social Mobility
- •4.5.3 Read the text, ignoring the missing parts. Ascription and Achievement: England
- •4.5.4 Look at the missing parts a-l and fit them in the gaps. There is one extra you don't need.
- •4.5.5 Scan the above texts and find the English equivalents for the following.
- •4.5.6 Do it in English:
- •4.5.7 Use the plan and helpful phrases given in Appendix 1 to profile the social structure and social system. Surf the Internet, find extra information and base your presentation on it.
- •4.5.8 Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
- •4.6 Dialogue
- •The Process of Social Stratification
- •Questions on Social Stratification
- •Social Stratification in India
- •4.7 Role play What are Socio-economic Issues?
- •4.8 Grammar back up practice with future: will, going to and the present continuous for the future
- •1. When do we use will to talk about the future in English?
- •2. What is the difference between will and to be going to when used in predictions about the future?
- •3. When do we use the present continuous and to be going to to express future in English?
- •Practice with the Present Simple for the Future
- •1. What kind of events do we mean when we use the present simple for the future?
- •Practice with the Future Continuous
- •1. In what cases do we use future continuous?
- •Practice with the Future Perfect
- •1. In what cases do we usually use the future perfect?
- •Practice with the Future in the Past:
- •1. What occasions do we mean using the future in the past?
- •Appendix 1
- •Appendix 2
- •Contents
Is the form of a noun correct?
Singular |
Plural |
politician |
politicians (most count nouns have an ”-s”) |
class; box; watch; dish; gas |
classes; boxes; watches; dishes; gases (after “-ss”, “-x”, “-ch”, “-sh’, ‘-s” we add “-es” ending) |
photo; piano |
photos; pianos (some nouns ending in “-o” add “-s”) |
hero; potato |
heroes; potatoes (some nouns ending in “-o” add “-es”) |
Some common nouns have irregular plurals.
woman-women |
tooth-teeth |
man-men |
foot-feet |
child-children |
mouse-mice |
Note the following nouns, which have irregular spelling in the plural:
Singular |
|
Plural |
alumna |
бывшая студентка |
alumnae |
alumnus |
бывший студент |
alumni |
analysis |
анализ (разбор) |
analyses |
bacterium |
бактерия |
bacteria |
basis |
базис |
bases |
′bureau/ bu′reau |
бюро, отдел, управление, |
bureaus/bureaux |
′caput |
голова (на душу населения) |
capita (per capita) |
crisis |
кризис |
crises |
criterion |
критерий |
criteria |
curriculum |
курс обучения, учебный план |
curricula |
datum |
данная (величина) |
data * |
medium |
средство |
media * |
memorandum |
меморандум |
memoranda |
phenomenon |
явление |
phenomena |
stratum |
слой (общества) |
strata |
Exports, imports (количество или стоимость вывезенных или ввезенных товаров) take a plural verb but export, import (процесс ввоза или вывоза) are singular.
Note that dozen and score have the same plural and singular form if they go after the numeral: two dozen (of) eggs, three score (of) years (but scores / dozens of people).
When a noun is used as an adjective, it takes a singular form.
Political science has been developed for 2,500 years.
This is a 2,500-year development of political science.
Collective nouns (crowd, firm, team, group, etc.) refer to an entire group. When these are groups of people we often think of them as a number of people (=”they”), not as one thing (=”it”). So we often use a plural verb:
The staff at the firm (=they) are not happy with outside consultants.
When a noun indicates a period of time, a sum of money, or a measurement, it takes a singular verb.
Two weeks is not enough time to study politology.
Ten dollars is not enough to meet the needs of a family.
Goods (товар), clothes (одежда), riches (богатство), proceeds (выручка), wages (заработная плата), contents (содержание) normally occur only in the plural and are followed by a plural verb.
Some consumer goods, such as, food, do not last for a long time.
Exercise 1
Choose the correct form.
e.g. There were / was some imported goods in the supermarket.
The word 'politics' is / are derived from polis, meaning literally city-state.
The news that they were unable to make collective decisions was / were quite surprising.
Three months isn’t/ aren’t a very long time to study politology, a branch of social science concerned with theory, description, analysis and prediction of political behavior, political systems and politics, is it / are they?
Money isn’t / aren’t the most important thing in life, is it / are they?
Seven pounds is / are an average weight for a new-born.
You know that politics is / are Professor Nelson’s speciality.
Is / are political analysis a valuable source of information nowadays?
Sooner or later even very expensive clothes is / are used up.
What is / are his politics as to studying matters concerning the allocation and transfer of power in decision making?
Exact data is /are a reliable means of testing human behavior.
Exercise 2
Choose the correct form.
e.g. I’d like some information / informations about the supply of goods.
Political scientists studied different phenomenon / phenomena in order to reveal the relationships underlying political events and conditions.
The manager offered me the job as I had a lot of experience / experiences in such spheres as survey research, statistical analysis, case studies, and model building.
We have the problem with the description of political behavior and we need some advice / advices.
We’d like to find out the essence of politics, have you got an information / any information?
Is it difficult to find a work / job as a political scientist at the moment?
My interlocutor, Miss Sharp, had long blond hair / hairs.
They had a good travel / journey to Africa last year.
It’s common knowledge / knowledges that political science deals extensively with the theory and practice of a politics / politics, and the analysis of a political behavior / political behavior.
It’s an open secret that mass medium/media are a good source of job openings.
Exercise 3
Choose the underlined word combination that is incorrect.
Assumptions about human behavior are the bases which is used for models and
A B C
theories of politics.
D
The police studied hair that were found on the victim’s jacket, which helped
A B C
them to find the criminal.
D
There are analysis of human nature in the works written by political
A B C
scientists. It is very important.
D
We are aware that in the absence of exact data, we have no reliable mean of
A B
testing human behavior as we cannot get 'inside' a human being.
C D
There have never been any woman- managers at this works.
A B C D
6. The contents of the letter are not made public, but bad news travel fast.
A B C D
7. Although it was codified in the 19th century, when all the social sciences were
A B
established, political science has a 2,500-years history based on the works of Plato
C D
and Aristotle.
8. The doctrine of empiricism advanced the belief that experience is the only
A B bases of knowledge.
C D
9. One of the most influential model in political analysis is the model of the
A B C D
political system developed by David Easton.
Exercise 4
Do it in English:
Содержание письма было совершенно неожиданным, а двухнедельный срок, с моей точки зрения, недостаточен, чтобы провести подробный анализ информации.
В этой статье вы найдете свежие данные о том, как за последние месяцы изменился доход на душу населения, а также экспорт и импорт России.
Общеизвестно, что политология занимается теорией, описанием, анализом и прогнозированием политического поведения, политических систем и политической деятельности.
Слово «политика» происходит от «полис», означающее высокую форму социальной организации.
Экономические кризисы – это одно из явлений, которые изучают экономисты, политологи, социологи и постоянно освещают средства массовой информации.
Статистика утверждает, что в последнее время увеличилось число выпускников школ, выбирающих профессию политологов.
Хорошо известно, что бывшие студенты нуждаются в советах и помощи при поисках работы (job-hunting).
Вы отдаете всю эту одежду? – Нет, большая часть ее выглядит превосходно.
Я купил эти часы в Берне. Они очень хорошие, но дорогие.