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7) Ethno political history of Usuns in written sources.

Usuni's state.

In ІІІ century BC in the territory of Kazakhstan the leading role was played by the breeding unions – uisuns, kangyus.

At the end of the first millennium BC in Semirechye's territory, Tien Shan and Tarbagataya there is a state known from the Chinese sources as "Country Usun". Usuni lived originally in the river Denkhe area, but in the III century B.C. under the pressure of tribes юечжи were compelled откочевать to Mongolia, and after a number of the defeats inflicted by it хуннами, – in Semirechye and Dzungaria. Here усуни, having recognized dependence from хуннов, founded in 177 B.C. own state which has united descendants of saksky tribes of Semirechya, East Kazakhstan and Dzungaria. In 53 g BC Usun broke up to two parts. The Iliysky valley in Semirechye was the center of usunsky possession, and the rate was in to Chiguchen (. Red valley) on the bank of the lake Issyk – the Sack. Usuni – ethnocultural successors of juice. Political system. In the head of state there was a governor carrying the title "Gunmo" (great бек), a descending throne. Ancestors and the small breeding leaders who were called by baddies (small куньбек) submitted to it. Except Great and small гуньмо there were eight more categories of officials. In 425 усуни sent to China embassy, and in 436 accept reciprocal embassy of the empire Wei. After that усуни annually sent to China ambassadors with gifts. At the beginning of the V century the name usuny finally descends from pages of historical chronicles. Остоется to add that etnony "Usun" remained and to this day. One families of the Senior dzhuz Kazakhs are called "Usun".

9) Usuns: archaeological sites, settlements and facilities

Usuni's state.

In ІІІ century BC in the territory of Kazakhstan the leading role was played by the breeding unions – uisuns, kangyus.

At the end of the first millennium BC in Semirechye's territory, Tien Shan and Tarbagataya there is a state known from the Chinese sources as "Country Usun". Usuni lived originally in the river Denkhe area, but in the III century B.C. under the pressure of tribes юечжи were compelled откочевать to Mongolia, and after a number of the defeats inflicted by it хуннами, – in Semirechye and Dzungaria. Here усуни, having recognized dependence from хуннов, founded in 177 B.C. own state which has united descendants of saksky tribes of Semirechya, East Kazakhstan and Dzungaria. In 53 g BC Usun broke up to two parts. The Iliysky valley in Semirechye was the center of usunsky possession, and the rate was in to Chiguchen (. Red valley) on the bank of the lake Issyk – the Sack. Usuni – ethnocultural successors of juice. Political system. In the head of state there was a governor carrying the title "Gunmo" (great бек), a descending throne. Ancestors and the small breeding leaders who were called by baddies (small куньбек) submitted to it. Except Great and small гуньмо there were eight more categories of officials. In 425 усуни sent to China embassy, and in 436 accept reciprocal embassy of the empire Wei. After that усуни annually sent to China ambassadors with gifts. At the beginning of the V century the name usuny finally descends from pages of historical chronicles. Остоется to add that etnony "Usun" remained and to this day. One families of the Senior dzhuz Kazakhs are called "Usun".

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