45) Abai Kunanbaev in the history and culture of the Kazakh people.

Abay Kunanbayev — the outstanding Kazakh poet educator. He was born in Chingistau-skom the region of Semipalatinsk area. His father, Kunanb&y, was the large feudal lord, head of a tobyktinsky sort. Already in the childhood Abay had to see difficult, desolate life of the people, injustice and avidity of the father.

Abay got a primary education at mullahs in a native aul, and an average — in Semipalatinsk where it graduated from Muslim school (madrasah). In days of the doctrine in Semipalatinsk Abay showed a great interest to the Russian culture and its advanced figures. Despite a ban of the father, he attended the Russian school. Abay studied folklore, history of the people and literature of the people of the East.

The father of Abay wanted to make the son the faithful assistant therefore it interrupted his doctrine and forced to be engaged in analysis of feudal and patrimonial lawsuits. Without having sustained crimes of a feudal nobility and the autocratic father, Abay tore with them.

Public and educational views of Abay were formed under the influence of democratic traditions of the Kazakh and east culture. The advanced culture of the Russian people has decisive impact on his outlook. Abay hotly loved the Russian people. It made for familiarizing of the people with advanced culture of Russia much. "Remember that the main thing — to learn the Russian science. Science, knowledge, prosperity, art — all this at Russians. To avoid defects and to reach good, it is necessary to know Russian and the Russian culture. Russians see the world. If you know their language, on the world your eyes" will open also — told Abay.

The political exiled E.P. Mikhaelis who has been brought up on revolutionary traditions of the 60th years was one of close friends of Abay. Exiled acquainted Abay with Pushkin, Lermontov, Saltykova-Schedrin, Lev Tolstoy works, Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov. Abay hotly propagandized great creations of these writers. It possesses transfers of 53 works of the Russian classics. With big poetic skill it transferred Lermontov's such remarkable works as "Vadim", "Demon", "Dagger", "There are one I to the road", "Dara Tereka".

The poet trusted in bright future of the people. He called the Kazakh people for fight against backwardness, ignorance and their carriers — the Kazakh feudal lords.

Abay attached great value to national education. He demanded opening of schools for the Kazakh youth in which it could study secular sciences. "It is necessary to take children from parents, to send children to schools, to direct one on one specialty, others — on another. It is necessary to create schools, it is necessary that all studied, even girls" — wrote Abay.

Protecting interests of a people at large, Abay subjected to destroying criticism the secular and spiritual feudal nobility.

Brutal, an animal zhadny, Dirty in words and affairs — Such hero of our days Governs you, the Kazakh!

47) Oral tradition and literature in the хiх century.

Culture of Kazakhstan in the second half of the XIX century.

Kazakh-Russian cultural ties.

With accession of Kazakhstan to Russia cultural communication of the Kazakh people with the Russian people amplified. It was promoted by that in the second half of the XIX century Kazakhstan was turned by tsarism into a place of a political exile. Here revolutionaries, the advanced scientists, writers who acquainted the Kazakh people with life, revolutionary fight and literature of the Russian people were banished.

Chokan Valikhanov (1835 — 1865) was the first Kazakh scientist and the educator. He studied in Omsk a cadet corps. These years Chokan communicated with the advanced Russian scientists, travelers and political exiled, excitedly read works of great Russian writers — Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol.

National education.

To the middle of the XIX century national education was in Kazakhstan in embryo. Schools which were in Orenburg, Omsk and Semipalatinsk, prepared generally translators and clerks for colonial administration.

Contrary to desire of tsarism, the Kazakh people reached for knowledge. Communication of the Kazakh peasants with the Russian immigrants promoted studying by Kazakhs of Russian.

In 1850 in Orenburg the school for the Kazakh children with seven-year term of training opened. In 19 years of the existence it let out 148 people. Some of graduates began to work as teachers. In the sixties elementary Russian-Kazakh schools were open in Uralsk, Kazalinsk, Perovsk and Turgaye. But because of the absence of teachers and education guidances the part of these schools was soon closed.

Teacher educator Ibray Altynsarin.

Much in the field of development of national education in Kazakhstan Ibray Altynsarin (1841 — 1889) — the outstanding Kazakh teacher and the educator made. He was born in the Zatobolsky region of the Kustanay area, was brought up at the grandfather since early lost parents.

Altynsarin excellent graduated from seven-year school in Orenburg and began to work as the translator. Having achieved permission to opening of elementary schools for the Kazakh children, it passed to teacher's work, later was the inspector of national schools

Abay Kunanbayev — the outstanding Kazakh poet educator. He was born in Chingistau-skom the region of Semipalatinsk area. His father, Kunanb&y, was the large feudal lord, head of a tobyktinsky sort. Already in the childhood Abay had to see difficult, desolate life of the people, injustice and avidity of the father.