- •1)History of Kazakhstan as a science. The purpose and objectives of the study.
- •3)Kazakhstan in the Bronze Age. “Andronovo culture."
- •5) Mohammed Haydar Dulati and his work "Tarikh-I Rashidi."
- •7) Ethno political history of Usuns in written sources.
- •9) Usuns: archaeological sites, settlements and facilities
- •11) Kangüy: archaeological sites, settlements and facilities.
- •13) State of nomadic Uzbeks. : origins, ethnopolitical history
- •17) Western Turkic Khaganate: sources and history of the study
- •19) The formation of the Kazakh Khanate: sources and history of the study.
- •21) The Karakhanid state: sources and history of the study, economy, and culture
- •23) State of Oguz: ethnopolitical history, economy, and culture.
- •27) Political parties and movements in Kazakhstan in the early twentieth century.
- •29) Kazakhstan in second half of хviii c. Igel’strom’s reforms
- •31) Formation of Inner Horde. Bukey-khan
- •33. Anti colonial struggle in Inner Horde under the leadership of I. Taimanov and m. Utemisov.
- •35. Anticolonial rebels in the 40-50's in х1х century under the leadership of j.Nurmukhamedov and e.Kotebarov
- •37) Policy of Khiva and Kokand toward the Kazakhs in the first half of х1х century
- •41) The Steppe statement of 1891: essence and results
- •43) Contribution of Chokan Valikhanov in the study of the history of the Kazakh people.
- •45) Abai Kunanbaev in the history and culture of the Kazakh people.
- •47) Oral tradition and literature in the хiх century.
- •49) State Duma and the Kazakh intelligentsia
- •51) Agricultural policy of tsarism in Kazakhstan in the second half of х1х century
- •53) The newspaper "Kazakh" and the Journal "Aikap in the history and culture of the Kazakh people.
- •57) Civil war on the territory of Kazakhstan (1918-1920)
- •61) Formation of Kirghiz (Kazakh) assr. Unification of the Kazakh land.
- •63) Kazakhstan - an arsenal front during the Great Patriotic War
- •65) Kazakhstan during the "Khrushchev decade" (1953-1964).
- •67) Kazakhstan during the growing crisis of the Soviet economic and socio-political system (1964 - 1985)
- •69) The formation of independent Kazakhstan (1991-1995)
- •71) Features of the establishment of Soviet power in Kazakhstan
- •73) The mass repression of 1937-1938 and its consequences.
- •75) People deportation to Kazakhstan- the crime of totalitarianism.
- •77) The development of science during war. Creation of a "History of the Kazakh ssr" (1943) and its value.
- •79) Socio-demographical processes in Kazakhstan in 50-80-y. Of XX century
- •81) December events of 1 986 years in Alma-Aty: the crisis of ethnocentric policies of the Soviet state.
- •83) Kazakhstan during the reform era of Mikhail Gorbachev
- •85) First Kazakh President- n.A. Nazarbayev (political portrait.)
- •87) Kazakhstan in the years of Khrushchev's reforms. Virgin and fallow lands: implications and lessons.
- •89) The course of the democratization of Soviet society. Kazakhstan at the stage of restructuring and revitalizing social and political development (1985-1991).
41) The Steppe statement of 1891: essence and results
Only at the end of 80 — the beginning of the 90th of the XIX century the imperial authorities started completion of introduction of administrative and judicial reform. On June 2, 1886 the Provision on management Turkestani краем4 was accepted. On March 21, 1891 — the Provision on management Akmolinsky, Semipalatinsk, Semirechensky, Ural, and Turgaysky areas. Still big force was got by the power of the governor general. The regional board was equated to provincial board of the central regions of Russia. In the large cities police departments, and in others — police pristavstvo were created. Under the Provision of 1891 disputes on the land questions between aulny foremen within the volost solved volost congresses, and between owners of tilt carts — aulny. The crucial role belonged to volost managers and aulny foremen. In this regard between communities there was the most severe fight for carrying out in volost managements and aulny foremen of the candidate whom elected for three years. There were essential changes and in the field of the judicial device. The system of the Russian vessels developed, according to the Provision on management Turkestani and Steppe edges, of such links, as magistrate judges, regional courts and the Ruling senate as the highest degree of jurisdiction. The court биев was modified also. This innovation also struck blow to traditional court of Sharia. Changes in the territorial and administrative device and social and economic development of Kazakhstan caused acceptance of the new taxation system which was equitable to interests colonial empire. Despite a tendency of growth of the settled and agricultural population, nomads were bulk of taxpayers: in 1880 they made 90,5, in 1897. — 82,0%. In 1889 the Law "About Resettlement of Rural Inhabitants and Petty Bourgeoises on State Lands" was adopted. In 1891 and 1892 the law extended on Turgaysky and Ural areas. According to it, resettlement movement concentrated in government hands, and resettlement to east areas required special permission; unauthorized resettlement was limited. But the aspiration of the imperial authorities somehow to settle become spontaneous process of resettlement did not work well. Independent occupation by peasants of the Kazakh lands proceeded. The crop failure of 1891 — 1892 induced the mass of peasants from the European Russia to move to the east in search of free lands. During this period to the Urals passed about 30, to Semirechensky and Syr-Darya areas — 12 thousand peasants. Possibility of connection of Kazakhstan through railway lines with Siberia and Privolzhsky district was pushed by the government to accelerate resettlement development of Kazakhstan. For this purpose expedition under the leadership of F.A.Shcherbina carefully surveyed 12 districts of Amolinsky, Turgaysky and Semipalatinsk areas.
43) Contribution of Chokan Valikhanov in the study of the history of the Kazakh people.
Chokan Valikhanov (1835 — 1865) was the first Kazakh scientist and the educator. He studied in Omsk a cadet corps. These years Chokan communicated with the advanced Russian scientists, travelers and political exiled, excitedly read works of great Russian writers — Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol.
National education.
To the middle of the XIX century national education was in Kazakhstan in embryo. Schools which were in Orenburg, Omsk and Semipalatinsk, prepared generally translators and clerks for colonial administration.
Contrary to desire of tsarism, the Kazakh people reached for knowledge. Communication of the Kazakh peasants with the Russian immigrants promoted studying by Kazakhs of Russian.
In 1850 in Orenburg the school for the Kazakh children with seven-year term of training opened. In 19 years of the existence it let out 148 people. Some of graduates began to work as teachers. In the sixties elementary Russian-Kazakh schools were open in Uralsk, Kazalinsk, Perovsk and Turgaye. But because of the absence of teachers and education guidances the part of these schools was soon closed.