
- •Text 1 Glossary
- •What type of conduct amounts to a crime
- •Answer the questions
- •Translate into English
- •Text 2 Glossary
- •How are offences classified?
- •What does property crime include?
- •Text з Glossary
- •Crime in modern society
- •Criminal Procedure Text 1 Glossary
- •What is criminal procedure?
- •Text 2 criminal procedure
- •Text з Glossary
- •Investigation of a burglary
- •Answer the following questions.
- •Translate into English.
- •The Jury Text 1 Glossary
- •The jury
- •Answer the following questions.
- •Translate into English.
- •Text 2 Glossary
- •Answer the following questions.
- •Translate into English.
- •Text з Glossary
- •How you were chosen
- •Answer the questions.
- •Translate into English.
- •Property Text 1 Glossary
- •What counts as property?
- •Answer the questions.
- •Translate into English.
- •Text 2 Glossary
- •Answer the questions.
- •Translate into English.
- •Text з Glossary
- •Intellectual property
- •Answer the questions.
- •Translate into English.
Property Text 1 Glossary
property - власність, право власності
value - ціна, цінність
possession - володіння
to be legally secure - гарантувати, (захищатися) законом
to occupy - займати місце, розташовуватися
apart from - крім, за винятком
issue money - друкувати гроші
to claim - претендувати
What counts as property?
First, what things should count as property? Property must have some value; and things have value only if they can be controlled; and the control, for which the legal term is possession, can be physical or legal. Can one own fish in the sea? Not if they are swimming about freely. But if I am fishing in a place where I have the right to fish and have caught fish in my net 1 have them in my control and so I can own them.
Of physical things, the most basic sorts of property are land, including the buildings on it, and goods such as clothes, furniture and vehicles. The person who occupies land may be able to defend it with his strong right arm or his gun. The same is true of physical goods. But the value of land and goods increases if they are legally secure.
Other sorts of property that can be physically controlled have little or no value apart from what law gives it. Take money. The metal in the coins or the paper in the banknote is worth hardly anything. Money is worth what it claims to be worth only because the law gives it that worth. Law forces those who are owned money to accept the coins or notes in payment, and gives the state a monopoly (an exclusive right) of issuing money.
Exercises:
Answer the questions.
When do things have value?
What are the two kinds of control?
What are the most basic sorts of property?
Under what condition does the value of land and goods increase?
Give example of property having little or no value apart from what law gives it?
What body has the monopoly of issuing money?
Translate into English.
Речі мають цінність тільки коли вони знаходяться під контролем.
Цінність землі і товарів зростає, якщо вони захищені законом.
Є деякі види власності, які не мають іншої цінності крім встановленої законом.
Власність повинна мати певну цінність.
Гроші мають цінність, на яку вони претендують, тільки тому, що ця цінність надається їм законом.
Закон примушує тих, хто володіє грошами, приймати банкноти і монети як платіж (в якості платежу) і дає державі монополію надрукування грошей.
Контроль, юридичним терміном якого є «володіння», може бути фізичним або правовим.
Основні види власності - це земля з розташованими на ній будівлями та товарами, такі як одяг, меблі, засоби пересування.
Text 2 Glossary
trust - довірча власність
relationship - відносини
hold the legal title to property - мати титри із загального права на предмет трасту
expressly - явно виражений
for the benefit - на благо, користь, вигоду
settlor - упорядник довірчої власності;
express trust-терміновий активний фонд
resulting trust - довірча власність у силу правової презумпції
constructive trust - довірча власність у силу закону
conveyance оf property - передача власності
by deed - за документом
infer – мати на увазі, означати
disposition - розподіл
compel змушувати, примушувати
TRUST
Trust, in law, is relationship between two or more parties in which one party holds the legal title to property, subject or an obligation imposed by a court, or expressly undertaken to keep or use the property for the benefit of the other party or parties. The party who creates the trust is known as the settlor.
Trust may be classified as express, resulting, or constructive. An express trust is one that is created by the settlor's conveyance of property by will or deed to a party with the intention that the property is to be held in trust for others. A resulting trust is one that is created when the intention is inferred or presumed from the terms of the disposition of the property or from the circumstances accompanying such disposition. Constructive trust is one resulting from a conveyance of property in which no intention to create a trust can be inferred but in which a court will compel the person having legal title to hold it for the benefit of another.
Exercises: