4. A) Rewrite the sentences adding capital letters, commas, full stops and question marks where it’s necessary.

Model: it is my birthday in june i would like a book by Charles dickens. – It is my birthday in June, and I would like a book by Charles Dickens.

1. taking advantage of mr. robertson’s offer to help me i finished the letter.

2. charles dickens a major novelist of the victorian period worked as a child in a factory.

3. sir francis drake who sailed up and down the spanish main captured a lot of spanish treasure ships.

4. the other boys did not like ronald so they avoided him whenever possible.

5. alexander the great one of the most interesting figures in history lived in the fourth century b.c.

6. the children sold onions tomatoes carrots and okra from a roadside stand.

7. scientist stampton who must observe standards of objectivity in their work can contribute usefully to public-policy debates.

8. tennyson’s poem ulysses describes the victorian attitude about moving forward.

9. she asked are you going to watch that football game that afternoon.

10. john my grandfather would often say to me I remember my farther’s words work hard and you will succeed.

b) Add the correct punctuation marks to the story.

the illegitimate son of a 25-year-old notary ser piero and a peasant girl caterina, leonardo was born on 15 april 1452 in vinci italy just outside florence. his father took the boy to his son where leonardo grew up. leonardo never attended public school but he had access to scholarly texts owned by family and friends. when leonardo was fifteen his father apprenticed to andrea del verrocchio the leading artist of florence. leonardo studied at verrocchio’s studio fir more than ten years and got the degree of a master. in 1482 leonardo became a court artist for the duke of milan ludovico sforza. during his long stay in milan leonardo painted “the virgin” and “the last supper” and many other paintings and drawings.

leonardo da vinci returned to florence in 1503 where he painted a mural in the council hall in florence’s palazzo vecchio. at the same time he began to work on the “mona lisa”. from 1513 to 1516 he worked in rome maintaining a workshop and undertaking a variety of projects for the pope.

5. Following the patterns of sentence analysis given below describe the simple sentences.

Analysis scheme:

1. Define the type of the sentence according to the purpose of utterance and structure.

2. Find the subject and say what it is expressed by.

3. Name the predicate and say what type it belongs. Give its tense, aspect, mood and voice characteristics.

4. Find the object; specify its type and morphological nature.

5. Name the attribute, its position in the sentence and the morphological way of expression.

6. Name the adverbial modifier and state its type.

7. Name the homogeneous and detached parts of the sentence, if there are any, and specify their morphological nature and syntactic function.

Model: I opened the knife, and cut a length of twine, and came back into the room again.

1. It is a simple, extended, two-member, declarative, affirmative sentence.

2. ‘I’ is a personal subject expressed by the personal pronoun first person singular.

3. ‘opened, cut, came back’ is a simple verbal predicate with homogeneous parts expressed by verbs in the Past Simple Tense.

4. ‘knife’ is a direct object expressed by a common noun in the Common Case.

‘a length of twine’ is a direct object expressed by an ‘of-phrase’.

5. ‘into the room’ is an adverbial modifier of place and direction expressed by a prepositional phrase.

1. Joining a health club is expensive, time-consuming, and beneficial.

2. The mail-order company refused to correct its mistake.

3. In my humble opinion, my friends and cousins can reach the station in an hour.

4. She had become drab and unattractive, with all the hard work.

5. This experienced doctor was gazing at Poirot and Mr. Graham in astonishment.

6. Aunt Polly bought a nice straw hat last week.

7. I have received a letter of great importance and answered immediately.