4. Match the verbs in the left column with their Russian equivalents in the right one:

1. adhere (to)	a) терпеть
2. demand	b) проявляться
3. disrespect	c) переносить
4. manifest (in)	d) обижать
5. examine	e) требовать
6. touch	f) производить впечатление
7. tolerate	g) прикасаться
8. transfer	h) изучать
9. offend	i) проявлять неуважение
10. come across (as)	j) придерживаться

5. Match the phrases in the left column with their Russian equivalents in the right one:

1. reflect values	a) наносить оскорбление
2. maintain relationships	b) отклонять предложение
3. shake a hand	c) отражать ценности
4. reject an offer	d) относиться с уважением
5. treat with respect	e) пожимать руку
6. cause insult	f) поддерживать отношения

6. Match the words in the first column with their synonyms in the right column:

1. respect	a) insight
2. accomplish	b) perturb
3. transaction	c) customer
4. annoy	d) impolite
5. rude	e) deference
6. understanding	f) deal
7. client	g) perform

7. Choose the correct options to fill in the gaps:

1. Even small etiquette mistakes can have negative _______.

1. tasks c) differences

b) consequences d) relations

2. Not understanding the etiquette of another culture means you show a _________ of deference.

a) lack c) communication

b) knowledge d) culture

3. In many countries you should treat the business card with much _________ such as storing it in a business card holder.

a) interest c) interaction

b) etiquette d) respect

4. Touching somebody on the head is a great insult in ________.

1. Mexico c) Thailand

b) England d) Spain

5. In China giving such presents as ________ should be avoided.

a) flowers c) books

b) clocks d) sweets

6. In Brazil it is quite normal to ________ others when speaking.

a) laugh at c) interrupt

b) touch d) insult

8. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the main function of etiquette?

2. What can happen if two or more different cultures mix?

3. What are the most common areas of international etiquette?

4. How should you treat a business card in the Arab countries, China and Japan?

5. In what countries is touching somebody on the head or on the back considered impolite?

6. How do communication styles in Western and Eastern countries differ?

9. Read the following statements and decide if they are true or false:

1. Unwritten rules of international business etiquette can cause great difficulties when people from different countries start mixing with each other.

2. In the Arab world you should always take a business card or something else with your left hand.

3. In China it’s OK to touch your business partners on their back.

4. In Japan people often give their business partners presents consisting of four pieces.

5. In European countries people usually speak loudly and directly.

6. Some people can seem rude on the international stage just because they behave themselves according to the rules of etiquette adopted in their own culture.

10. Imagine that your foreign business partner is going to visit Russia for the first time. He/she wrote you a letter asking you to help him/her get familiarized with Russian culture and business etiquette. You should give him/her all the necessary information he/she is interested in. In your letter of reply you must briefly describe the following:

- personal space, gift giving and communication etiquette in Russia

- socializing in Russia

- rules of public behavior in Russia

11. Read the following short stories about typical mistakes made by people due to their ignorance of the international business etiquette. Discuss in pairs what was wrong in each situation and what should have been done according to the rules of etiquette.

A South Korean-American Encounter

An American executive working in South Korea said, ‘I learned about Korean handshaking customs my first day at work. I had just entered the bank in Seoul where I would have my office. When I was introduced to a female member of my new staff, I naturally extended my hand and shook her hand. She turned deep red. Everyone in the department laughed’.

A Singaporean-American Encounter

A partner in one New York’s leading private banking firms went to Singapore to meet one of his clients. In Singapore there are three different cultural traditions: Chinese, Malaysian, and English. His clients were ethnic Chinese. The banker wanted to do everything correctly, so on his way to Singapore he memorized the names of the three representatives he would meet. In the first meeting with the representatives and some other business contacts, he began by addressing the top man, Lo Win Hao. As the meeting continued, he made sure to address each representative by name. After a while, one of the contacts passed a note to the American banker. The note said “Too friendly, too soon”.

A Saudi-German Encounter

Bouchaib Alsadoun, a Saudi businessman, invited Johann Wuerth, a German businessman, to dinner at his house. Johann entered the elegant house and offered his gift of a bottle of Scotch whiskey and a box of butter cookies to his host. Bouchaib was embarrassed by the gifts and quickly put them away. They then sat down in the living room area. Bouchaib offered Johann a cup of coffee, which he quickly accepted. Bouchaib thought his guest was a bit rude. As they drank coffee Johann complimented Bouchaib on an art book on the living room table. The Saudi businessman responded by offering him the book. Johann, embarrassed, said, “No thank you! It is very kind of you, but I can’t accept it!” Bouchaib was offended by his guest’s behavior. Although Johann sensed this, he couldn’t imagine how he had offended Bouchaib.

Use the following phrases:

I think the main problem is…

It was a mistake to…

To avoid such mistakes one must…

According to the rules of etiquette you shouldn’t…

As far as I know, the Eastern etiquette forbids (doing smth)

He should have been more careful with…

He should have familiarized himself with…

Instead, he should have (done smth)…

12. Divide into two groups. The first group should brainstorm the peculiarities of the Western business etiquette, the second one should think of those of the Eastern business etiquette. Then the groups ask each other some questions about the key areas of the international business etiquette and compare their own information with the information obtained from the other group. After the exchange of information each group should produce a short report comparing two business cultures.

Use the following phrases:

The main difference between the two cultures is…

…differs much from…

If we compare, … we’ll see that…

In comparison with the West,…

In contrast to the East,…

Unlike in Europe,…

Unit 8