
- •Introduction
- •Lecture 1. What a translator is and what a translator does
- •1.1. Notes on the Profession
- •1.2. Translator and Interpreter
- •1.3. Bilingualism
- •1.4. The Education of a Translator
- •1.5. Process and Result of Translation
- •1.6. Materials for Translation
- •Lecture 2. The role of the translator
- •2.1. The Qualities Each Translator/Interpreter Possesses
- •2.2. Don’ts of a Translator/Interpreter
- •2.3. What an English-speaking Client Expects of His Interpreter
- •2.4. Another Glimpse into the Future
- •2.5. Comparison with other Professions
- •2.6. The Five Year Itch
- •2.7. Industry Trends
- •2.8. The Last Word about the Profession
- •Lecture 3. The basic principles of the translation theory
- •3.1. Translation Theory as a Theory of Transformations
- •3.2. Problem of Non-translation
- •3.3. Extralinguistic Factor
- •3.4. The Subject Matter
- •3.5. Machine Translation
- •Lecture 4. Units of translation
- •4.1. Classification of Translation Units
- •4.2. Level of Intonation
- •4.3. Translation on the Level of Phonemes (Graphemes)
- •Lecture 5. Translation on the level of morphemes
- •5.1. Morpheme as a Unit of Translation
- •5.2. Some Insights into How to Become Word-conscious
- •5.3. Latin and Greek Prefixes
- •5.4. Latin Roots
- •5.5. Latin and Greek Borrowings in English
- •5.6. Dictionary of Greek and Latin Roots
- •5.7. Latin Roots in English
- •Lecture 6. Translation on the level of words
- •6.1. Examples of Translating on the Level of Words
- •6.2. Category of Gender in English and Ukrainian
- •Sonnet 66
- •Sonnet 40
- •Sonnet 58
- •Сонет 40
- •Сонет 58
- •Lecture 7. Singular and plural of nouns as a translation problem
- •7.1. Peculiarities of Singular and Plural in English and Ukrainian
- •7.2. Plural of Compound Nouns
- •7.3. Nouns Used Only in Singular
- •7.4. Nouns Used Only in Plural
- •7.5. Grammatical Disagreement of Singular and Plural of Nouns in English and Ukrainian
- •Lecture 8. The problem of translating articles and pronouns
- •8.1. Translation of Indefinite Articles
- •8.2. The Problem of Translating Pronouns
- •Lecture 9. “false friends of the interpreter”
- •9.1. Interpenetration of Words in Different Languages
- •9.2. Mistakes in Translation Related to Differences in Realia
- •9.3. Interlingual Homonymy and Paronymy
- •9.4. Examples of Translating Newspaper Clichés
- •9.5. Semantic Peculiarities of Medical Terms
- •Lecture 10. Translation on the level of word combinations
- •10.1. Problems of Translating Idioms
- •10.2. Etymology of Idioms: Weird History
- •Lecture 11. Translation on the level of sentence and text
- •11.1. Translation of Clichés and Formulas
- •11.2. Types of Proverbs and Their Translation
- •11.3. Translation on the Level of Text
- •Список літератури
Sonnet 66
Tir’d with all these, for restful death I cry;
As to behold desert a beggarborth;
And needy nothing trimm’d in jollity,
And purest faith unhappily forsworn,
And gilded honour shamefully misplac’d
And meiden virtue rudely strumpeted,
And right perfection wrongfully disgraced,
And strength by limping sway disabled, And art made tongue-tied by authority,
And folly (doctor-like) controlling skill,
And simple truth miscall’d simplicity,
And captive good attending captain ill.
Tir’d with all these, from these would I be gone,
Save that, to die, I leave my love alone.
Translation of Borys Pasternak:
Измучась всем, я умереть хочу,
Тоска смотреть, как мается бедняк
И как шутя живется богачу,
И доверять, и попадать впросак
И наблюдать, как наглость лезет в свет
И честь девичья катится ко дну,
И знать, что ходу совершенствам нет,
И видеть мощь у немощи в плену, И вспоминать, что мысли заткнут рот,
И разум сносит глупости хулу,
И прямодушье простотой слывет,
И доброта прислуживает злу.
Измучась всем, не стал бы жить и дня,
Да другу трудно будет без меня.
Translation of Dmytro Pavlychko:
Я кличу смерть — дивитися набридло
На жебри і приниження чеснот,
На безтурботне і вельможне бидло,
На правоту, що їй затисли рот,
На честь фальшиву, на дівочу вроду
Поганьблену, на зраду в пишноті,
На правду, що підлоті навдогоду
В грязь обертає почуття святі, І на мистецтво під п’ятою влади,
І на талант під наглядом шпика,
І на порядність, що безбожно краде,
І на добро, що в зла за служника!
Я від цього всього вмирав би й нині,
Та як залишить друга в самотині?!
Translation of Dmytro Palamarchuk:
Стомившися, вже смерті я благаю,
Бо скрізь нікчемність в розкоші сама,
І в злиднях честь доходить до одчаю,
І почесті не тим, хто гідний шани,
І досконалості — ганебний суд,
І злу добро поставлене в служниці,
І владою уярмлені митці,
І чистій вірності шляхів нема,
І силу неміч забива в кайдани,
І честь дівоча втоптана у бруд
І істину вважають за дурниці,
І гине хист в недоума в руці;
Стомившись тим, спокою прагну я,
Та вмерти не дає любов моя.
Sonnet 40
Take all my loves my love, yea take them all;
What hast thou then more than thou hadst before?
No love, my love, that thou mayst true love call;
All mine was thine before thou hadst this more.
Then if for my love thou my love receivest,
I cannot blame thee for my love thou usest;
But yet be blam’d, if thou thyself deceivest
By wilful taste of what thyself refusest.
I do forgive thy robbery, gentle thief,
Although thou steal thee, all my poverty;
And yet, love knows, it is a greater grief
To bear love’s wrong than hate’s known injury.
Lascivious grace, in whom all ill well shows,
Kill me with spites; yet we must not be foes.
Sonnet 58
That god forbid, that made me first your slave,
I should in thought control your times of pleasure,
Or at your hand the account of hours to crave,
Being your vassal bound to stay your leisure!
O, let me suffer, being at your beck,
The imprison’d absence of your liberty,
And patience, tame to sufferance, bide each check.
Without accusing you of injury.
Be where you list, your charter is so strong
That you yourself may privilege your time
To what you will; to you it doth belong
Yourself to pardon of self-doing crime.
I am to wait, though waiting so be hell;
Not blame your pleasure, be it ill or well.
Even the most thorough analysis of these sonnets won’t give us any indicators to whom they are addressed — whether they are addressed to a man or a woman. And, probably, it is not accidental: sonnets of Shakespeare have common to all mankind, philosophical resonance or sounding, and they are written deliberately, on purpose in such a way so that they could be applied to any human being in general. Let us look how these sonnets were translated by S. J. Marshak: