- •Introduction
- •Lecture 1. What a translator is and what a translator does
- •1.1. Notes on the Profession
- •1.2. Translator and Interpreter
- •1.3. Bilingualism
- •1.4. The Education of a Translator
- •1.5. Process and Result of Translation
- •1.6. Materials for Translation
- •Lecture 2. The role of the translator
- •2.1. The Qualities Each Translator/Interpreter Possesses
- •2.2. Don’ts of a Translator/Interpreter
- •2.3. What an English-speaking Client Expects of His Interpreter
- •2.4. Another Glimpse into the Future
- •2.5. Comparison with other Professions
- •2.6. The Five Year Itch
- •2.7. Industry Trends
- •2.8. The Last Word about the Profession
- •Lecture 3. The basic principles of the translation theory
- •3.1. Translation Theory as a Theory of Transformations
- •3.2. Problem of Non-translation
- •3.3. Extralinguistic Factor
- •3.4. The Subject Matter
- •3.5. Machine Translation
- •Lecture 4. Units of translation
- •4.1. Classification of Translation Units
- •4.2. Level of Intonation
- •4.3. Translation on the Level of Phonemes (Graphemes)
- •Lecture 5. Translation on the level of morphemes
- •5.1. Morpheme as a Unit of Translation
- •5.2. Some Insights into How to Become Word-conscious
- •5.3. Latin and Greek Prefixes
- •5.4. Latin Roots
- •5.5. Latin and Greek Borrowings in English
- •5.6. Dictionary of Greek and Latin Roots
- •5.7. Latin Roots in English
- •Lecture 6. Translation on the level of words
- •6.1. Examples of Translating on the Level of Words
- •6.2. Category of Gender in English and Ukrainian
- •Sonnet 66
- •Sonnet 40
- •Sonnet 58
- •Сонет 40
- •Сонет 58
- •Lecture 7. Singular and plural of nouns as a translation problem
- •7.1. Peculiarities of Singular and Plural in English and Ukrainian
- •7.2. Plural of Compound Nouns
- •7.3. Nouns Used Only in Singular
- •7.4. Nouns Used Only in Plural
- •7.5. Grammatical Disagreement of Singular and Plural of Nouns in English and Ukrainian
- •Lecture 8. The problem of translating articles and pronouns
- •8.1. Translation of Indefinite Articles
- •8.2. The Problem of Translating Pronouns
- •Lecture 9. “false friends of the interpreter”
- •9.1. Interpenetration of Words in Different Languages
- •9.2. Mistakes in Translation Related to Differences in Realia
- •9.3. Interlingual Homonymy and Paronymy
- •9.4. Examples of Translating Newspaper Clichés
- •9.5. Semantic Peculiarities of Medical Terms
- •Lecture 10. Translation on the level of word combinations
- •10.1. Problems of Translating Idioms
- •10.2. Etymology of Idioms: Weird History
- •Lecture 11. Translation on the level of sentence and text
- •11.1. Translation of Clichés and Formulas
- •11.2. Types of Proverbs and Their Translation
- •11.3. Translation on the Level of Text
- •Список літератури
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE
National Aviation University
A.G. Gudmanyan, G.I. Sydoruk
BASICS OF TRANSLATION THEORY
PART I
Lecture Synopsis
Kyiv 2005
УДК 81'25 (042.4)
ББК Ш107я7
С 347
Reviewed by: H.G. Lashchenko, candidate of philological Science, assistant professor of the English philology and translation chair, NAU, and S.S. Kolomiets, candidate of philological Science, assistant professor of the chair of theory, practice and translation of English language, NTUU “KPI”
This lecture synopsis was approved by the editorial council of the Institute of the Humanities, NAU, June 3, 2005.
Gudmanyan A.G., Sydoruk G.I.
С 347 Basics of Translation Theory. Part I: Lecture Synopsis. – K.: NAU, 2005. – 96 p.
Lecture synopsis is compiled according to the course program. Specific problems of the translation theory are briefly covered in it.
It is intended for the second year students of speciality 6.030500 “Translation”.
Ґудманян А. Ґ., Сидорук Г.І.
Вступ до перекладознавства. Частина I: Конспект лекцій (англійською мовою). – К.: НАУ, 2005. – 96 с.
Конспект лекцій укладено відповідно до програми курсу. У ньому стисло викладено окремі питання теорії перекладу.
Для студентів II курсу спеціальності 6.030500 „Переклад“.
УДК 81'25 (042.4)
ББК Ш107я7
© А. Ґ. Ґудманян, Г.І. Сидорук, 2005
Introduction
The lecture course “Basics of Translation Theory” is one of the fundamental disciplines, studied by the students of the department of linguistics of the Institute of the Humanities of the National Aviation University. The main goal of this lecture course is to give students basic knowledge of the profession, its retrospective and perspective, professional and ethical qualities the interpreter/translator should possess, linguistic and translational theories aimed at doing correct interpretation/translation from English into Ukrainian and vice versa. The material compiled in succession assists in training highly qualified experts in the translation theory and practice, which is difficult to overestimate in our time of rapid development of international relations, growing necessity of language professionals to establish and maintain different contacts with partners all over the world.
The lectures unfold a versatile theoretical foundation of the profession, its methodological, psychological and ethical aspects, outline the main language units as the units of translation, transformational devices, basic lexical, grammatical and stylistic problems of translation, etc. Theoretical material is backed up by numerous examples from fiction, poetry, scientific prose, etc., provided with linguistic analysis and translation.
The course “Basics of Translation Theory” will help students distinguish linguistic phenomena, analyse them from the view-point of their translation, unmistakably identify necessary and sufficient ways of translation and make adequate translation of the stylistically dissimilar texts, correctly apply proper translational transformations. The topics proposed are diverse and promote interest, desire to investigate and excel; they develop linguistic conscience, scientific thinking, creativity and practical skills.
The lectures help to systematize and extend the knowledge gained at other practical and theoretical classes, assimilate special linguistic and translational terminology, to coordinate theory with practice.
It is foreseen that the students make notes of fifteen basic scientific sources on the subject which add to the material presented at the lectures. The notes are checked at the examination in the end of the semester. At the examination the students are supposed to answer three questions, two of them covering theoretical material and the third containing practical assignment.
Lecture 1. What a translator is and what a translator does
1.1. Notes on the Profession
In the profession of translation there are two types of translators/interpreters —free-lance and in-house ones. It is a very specific profession, and the people involved in it — free-lance translators, would-be translators as well as people who work with translators often are interested in should know how to survive, what to do, what a translator is, and how to tell if a translator is good.
It is difficult to give the definitive explanation of translation and translators. Though it will be helpful and serve as a starting point for understanding the profession and the people in it. I’ve spent a lot of time over the past few years helping would-be translators get started and advising people interested in the profession about the realities of being a translator.