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II. Answer these questions:

      1. How can you characterize the Bill of Landing?

      2. Why is it important in law?

      3. When can the consignee get his goods?

      4. Why is it important in finance?

      5. Why is it important in insurance?

      6. When is the Bill of Lading called ‘shipped’?

      7. What does it state?

      8. What does a ‘clean’ Bill of Landing mean?

      9. When are the Bills of Landing described as ‘dirty’?

      10. Why are some Bills of Landing called ‘claused’?

      11. Why is the Bill of Landing a negotiable document?

      12. Do all Bills of Landing look alike? Why?

      13. How can a buyer present the Bill of Landing to the shipping company?

III. Say whether the statements are true or false:

  1. A Bill of Landing gives the person named on it the right to possess the goods described on it.

  2. The consignee’s name is usually printed on the Bill of Landing.

  3. If the Bill of Landing is made out ‘to order’ it means that ownership of the goods cannot be transferred to another person.

  4. The Bill of Landing is signed at the bottom by the exporter.

  5. A shipped Bill of Landing is one which is signed by the captain of the ship after he inspects the goods on board ship.

  6. The marks and numbers of the containers or crates must be printed on the Bill of Landing.

  7. You endorse a Bill of Landing by signing it, and you can then transfer ownership of the goods to someone else.

  8. The Bill of Landing is one of the shipping documents which must be presented to a bank when payment is arranged.

  9. Copies of the Bill of Landing are sent to the exporter and the customs only.

  10. In insurance it is important to know if the Bill of Landing is ‘clean’ or not.

  11. The consignee is the person who receives the goods.

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