- •Английский язык
- •Unit 1 Text a Starting a business
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Read and translate this text:
- •III. Answer the questions:
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with the following words:
- •V. Match up these words with the definitions below:
- •VI. We generally describe the economy as consisting of three sectors:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •Text b Business plan
- •Vocabulary
- •Read and translate this text:
- •Choose the right answer:
- •Read this letter and write an appropriate word below to fill each of the gap:
- •Substitute Russian words by English equivalents:
- •Text c Getting a credit
- •Read and translate this text in a written form:
- •Finish the sentences:
- •Read the dialogue between a bank manager and one of her customer:
- •Answer the questions:
- •I. Read the text and translate it into Russian: Budgeting
- •II. Put the terms into the box:
- •III. Irrevocable Letter of Credit
- •Look at the letter of credit. Read the explanations of the various sections below, and agree which explanation goes with which number in the document:
- •Translate this letter of credit into English:
- •Insurance
- •Vocabulary
- •Read the advertisement of an insurance firm and translate it into Russian:
- •Complete the words below to match the given meanings:
- •Mr. Smith has sent a claim form to his insurer after a fire at his restaurant. He receives the reply below. Complete the text with appropriate words from the box:
- •Bridge Insurance Ltd
- •124 Kew Gardens Road, London sw2 5hb
- •Look at the words used with the term claim; use the verbs to fill the gaps in the sentences below. Put the verbs into the correct form:
- •Which of the people below is being referred to in each of these sentences?
- •Match each of the ‘liability’ word partnerships with the appropriate definition:
- •Match the terms with its definitions:
- •Text c a Loan agreement
- •Read this text and translate it in a written form: Preamble, Amount of principle
- •Read the text and translate it into Russian:
- •Introduction to corporate taxation
- •Answer the questions:
- •True or False?
- •Text b Business organization
- •Vocabulary
- •Read the text and translate it into Russian: Types of business organization in the United Kingdom
- •Answer the questions:
- •True or False?
- •Text c a Loan Agreement
- •Unit 4 Text a Joint-Stock Company
- •Vocabulary
- •Read the text and translate it into Russian:
- •Insolvency problems
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Match the following sentences (1-11) with the words or phrases (a-k) on the right:
- •V The process of developing a corporate plan goes through several stages. Put the items (a-I) below in the correct place on the corporate plan:
- •VI.Translate into English:
- •Text b Organization structure
- •Vocabulary
- •Read and translate this text:
- •II Answer these questions:
- •III. Which of the following three paragraphs most accurately summarizes the text, and why?
- •Study the organization chart, then complete the description of the organization:
- •Unit 5 Text a Production
- •Vocabulary
- •Read the text and translate it into Russian:
- •Job production
- •Mass production
- •Batch production
- •Match the equivalents:
- •Answer the questions:
- •Match up these words with the definitions which follow:
- •Read the text below, and insert the words in the gaps:
- •Just-in-time production
- •Translate into English:
- •Text b Products and brands
- •Read the following text, and write a brief heading for each paragraph:
- •Answer these questions:
- •III Find words or expressions in the text which mean the following:
- •IV .Preparing a report
- •Read and complete the gaps using the following words:
- •VI Look at the words which can be used with the word ‘investment’ to make word partnerships, for example ‘capital investment’.
- •Role-play. Work in pairs to decide on the capital investment program. After you have decided, present it to the rest of the group.
- •Translate into English:
- •Text c a Loan Agreement
- •Unit 6 Text a Labour Unions
- •Vocabulary
- •Read and translate this text:
- •Industrial relations
- •Answer these questions:
- •Text b Who needs unions?
- •Read and translate this text:
- •II Answer these questions:
- •Find the words in the text which mean the following:
- •Translate into English:
- •Unit 7 Text a Preparation for negotiations
- •Vocabulary
- •Read and translate the following text about financial ratios:
- •Answer these questions:
- •Match the phrases on the left with a word or phrases on the right which means the same:
- •VI.Change the underlined words or phrases in the sentences below to other words or phrases that have a similar meaning. Choose them from the box:
- •Match each word with the correct definition:
- •Text b Business letter
- •Vocabulary
- •Read the following information on business letter:
- •Answer these questions:
- •Text c Types of business letters
- •Read and translate this text in a written form:
- •Read the following letters and match them with the type of the letter:
- •Unit 8 Text a Business Documents
- •Vocabulary
- •I Read and translate this text:
- •Invoice.
- •Answer these questions:
- •Read and translate this text:
- •II. Answer these questions:
- •III. Say whether the statements are true or false:
- •Insert the correct words in the appropriate spaces in the passage below:
- •Translate into English:
- •Text c The Bank of England
- •Содержание
Text b Business letter
Vocabulary
We have received your letter of the 15th May |
Мы получили Ваше письмо от 15 мая |
Thank you for your letter dated the 15th May |
Благодарим вас за Ваше письмо, датированное 15 мая |
In reply (in answer, in response) to your letter of……. |
В ответ на Ваше письмо от…. |
We are obliged for your letter of……. |
Мы благодарим (признательны) за Ваше письмо от… |
We acknowledge (the) receipt of your letter of. We acknowledge your letter of….. |
Подтверждаем получение Вашего письма от…Мы получили Ваше письмо от… |
We have received your letter of (the) 20th May |
Мы получили Ваше письмо от 20 мая |
We have cabled you on (the) 22nd June,20 |
Мы Вам телеграфировали 22 июня |
The goods ordered by you on (the) 26th November,20…,are ready for shipment |
Товары, заказанные Вами 26 ноября 20..г., готовы к отгрузке |
We refer to your letter of (the) 15th May,20.. |
Мы ссылаемся на Ваше письмо от 15 мая 20..года |
Of today’s date |
От сегодняшнего числа |
Of yesterday’s date |
От вчерашнего числа |
Formal tone |
Официальный тон |
Salutation |
Приветствие |
Closing |
Заключение |
Adjustment letter |
Письмо с целью урегулирования претензий |
Claim letter |
Рекламация |
Order letter |
Заказ |
Inquiry letter |
Запрос |
Sales letter |
Письмо с предложением о продаже |
Acknowledgement letter |
Уведомление |
Apology letter |
Письмо-извинение |
Heading |
Заголовок, шапка |
Return address |
Обратный адрес |
Inside address |
Внутренний адрес |
Attention line |
Строка с наименованием адресата |
Subject line |
Предмет письма |
Body |
Текст письма |
Enclose |
Прилагать |
Read the following information on business letter:
Definition of a Business Letter
The business letter is the basic means of communication between two companies. It is estimated that close to 100 million Business Letters are written each workday. It is a document typically sent externally to those outside a company but is also sent internally to those within a company.
Most business letters have a formal tone. You should write a business letter whenever you need a permanent record that you sent the information enclosed. Because you generally send business letters to other professionals, always include a formal salutation and closing.
Even though no one formula exists for a perfect business letter, some basic guideline will help you, regardless of the form, purpose, and audience of the document.
Many executives still prefer a written document over other forms of communication, because the document can serve as a contract, the facts will be on record in writing, and executives do not have to reply on memory.
This is why it is important to write a good Business Letter.
Every business letter is in some degree a sales letter, because you are always requesting a response or course of action. Therefore, the following principles of persuasion will help you compose and efficient and effective Business Letter:
plan according to the reader’s reaction
write with the ‘you’ attitude – the state of mind where you always emphasize the benefits to the reader and subordinate your interests. This can be accomplished by using empathy and words ‘you’, and ‘your’ often
adjust the language to the reader and use terms and concepts that the reader is familiar with
write positively and with confidence.
Empathy means to care about someone’s feelings or ideas. A well-written business letter will convey the feeling that the writer does care about the reader and is genuinely interested in working together to solve a problem or discuss a concept.
To write a good letter, put yourself in the reader’s shoes and try to anticipate the reader’s reaction to your comments. By doing this, you are more likely to choose more appropriate words and use the correct tone.
You will write business letters to inform readers of specific information. However you may also write a business letter to persuade others to take action or propose your ideas. Business letters even function as advertisements at times. Consider the letters long-distance phone companies send to those not signed up for their services or the cover letters to your resume. Both of these serve to promote or advertise.
Business letters can be challenging to write, because you have to consider how to keep your readers’ attention. This is particularly the case if your readers receive large amounts of mail and have little time to read.
Writing Business Letters is like any other document: First you must analyze your audience and determine your purpose. Then you gather information, create an outline, write a draft, and revise it. The key to writing business letters is to get to the point as quickly as possible and to present your information clearly.
It is important to understand the service perspective when writing a business letter. The organization that uses a service attitude in letters shows its concern extends beyond purely profit objectives, and readers appreciate a genuine desire on the part of a company that cares about their needs.
Tone is the use of accent and inflection to express a mood or emotion in speaking or working. Many times it is not what you say in a business letter, but how you say it. It is a good idea to always consider your tone so that you do not risk upsetting the reader, thereby lessening the chances your requests and comments will be respected.
You can avoid making mistakes with tone by using the following techniques:
avoid the ‘I’ attitude by having more emphasis on the reader and not yourself
avoid extreme cases of humility, flattery, and modesty
avoid preaching your ideas