Reinforced concrete

ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

1. Вспомните, какие русские слова имеют те же корни, что и следующие английские слова.

obligation, machine, material, original, operation, panel, contribution, autoclave, axiomatic, gravity, separate, drainage.

2. Вспомните значения следующих английских слов и подберите к ним перевод, данный ниже.

reinforced concrete; equipment; aggregate; raw materials; slab; beam; design; precast concrete.

1. оборудование; 2. плита, З. сборный бетон; 4. железобетон; 5. заполнитель; 6. балка; 7. сырье; 8. конструкция.

3. Прочтите текст. Укажите, какие основные вопросы освещаются в нем.

Reinforced-Concrete Elements Production

1. With the rapid growth in the employment of precast-concrete products, and particularly of wall panels, slabs, beams, etc., to serve a multitude of building needs, this industry has inevitably incurred an obligation to maintain and improve the quality of the products. A vast amount of excellent work has already been done to raise the standards of this still comparatively young industry to their present level. Machinery and equipment designers have made important contributions by creating better machines and tools for the industry.

2. A great number of plants producing precast reinforced-concrete elements is now in operation in our country and abroad. Before the decision is made to establish a precast concrete products plant in a given area, a number of purely economic considerations deserve particular attention. A careful appraisal of the potential requirements provides valuable information for determining the size of the plant which should be built. A well-designed plant must have sufficient capacity for the normal output plus a reasonable margin for a possible increase. The design should specifically and carefully anticipate the future installation of additional equipment for increased production without disrupting the original lay-out.

(3) The following general aspects should be kept in mind when designing a plant. The plant floor level should be not less than 6 inches above the general grade of the yard to assure adequate drainage. In addition, concrete yard runways should be slightly above the level of the surrounding yard so that they will remain free of pebbles and other obstructions that might interfere with the operation of trucks or other equipment. The yard should slope away from the main building in all directions if possible, even at the expense of hauling in fill to accomplish it, for much future trouble and expense can be averted by establishing the proper grade at the time the plant is built.

(4) Adequate space should be allowed at sides and in front of machines and casting beds. Regardless of the general lay-out of the plant, aggregates and cement should be stored as close to the mixers as possible.

5. It is axiomatic now that materials can be handled more cheaply with machinery than with manpower. At present the trend is definitely toward the practice of elevating all raw materials into overhead storage bins. For obvious reasons, it is preferable that the elevation be sufficient so that the materials may move by gravity from the bins to the mixers and moulding machinery without re-elevating. With such an arrangement the mixers are located on a separate floor level directly above the moulding machinery.

6. In large plants producing precast-concrete elements the moulded r.-c. (reinforced concrete) units are delivered from the moulding machinery to high-pressure steam curing autoclaves for further treatment.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

4. Сверяясь с текстом, подберите перевод из правого столбца к данным английским словам.

to design pebbles truck to establish fill casting bed aggregate runways to deliver slope lay-out storage bin mould steam curing

1. уклон 2. заполнитель 3. устанавливать 4. насыпь 5. вагонетка 6. доставлять 7. форма 8. планировка 9. галька 10. оборудование 11. проектировать 12. транспортные пути 13. стенд для бетонирования сборных элементов 14. пропаривание 15. сырье 16. бункер для хранения материалов

5. Подберите синонимы из двух групп слов:

to employ plant production to establish to deserve to increase to keep in mind to elevate

1. works 2. to have a right to 3. to make use of 4. manufacturing 5. to become greater 6. to set up 7. to raise 8. to keep in memory

6. Укажите, какие из следующих утверждений правильны и какие неправильны или не соответствуют содержанию текста.

1. At present in our country there are but a small number of plants producing precast r.-c. elements. 2. Ordinary brick is an artificial stone made of clay by moulding and burning. 3. It is recommended to store aggregates and cement as close to the mixers as possible. 4. When designing a plant it is nec­essary to anticipate the future installation of additional equipment. 5. It is not economic to elevate all raw materials into storage bins over the mixers. 6. Lime, gypsum and ce­ment are the three materials most widely used in building construction. 7. The yard should slope to the main building of the plant from all directions.

7. К какому из неоконченных предложений (а, b, с) относится данная фраза:

1. ... is now in operation in our country and abroad.

a) A vast amount of research work intended to raise the standards. . . b) A great number of plants producing precast r.-c. elements . . . c) A well-designed plant of sufficient capacity . . .

2. . . .above the general grade of the yard.

a) To assure adequate drainage the plant floor level should be not less than 6 inches. . . b) The yard should slope away from the main building in all directions. . . c) The following general aspects should be. . .

3. . . .aggregates and cement should be stored as close to the mixers as possible.

a) For obvious reasons it is not advisable that... b) In large plants producing steel structures... c) Regardless of the general lay-out of the plant. . . .

8. Заполните пропуски инфинитивами: to assure, to make, to allow, to raise, выполняющими роль обстоятельства цели.

1. ... the standard of this young industry, a vast amount of research work has been done. 2. ... the decision concerning the establishment of a precast concrete products plant in a given area, a number of economic problems must be considered. 3. ... good drainage it is necessary that the floor level should be somewhat higher than that of the surrounding ground. 4. All raw materials are recommended to place in elevated position . . . them to move by gravity from the bins to the moulding machinery.

9. Прочтите текст за 1 минуту и дайте к нему подходящий заголовок.

Adequate provisions for workers' comfort and health must be considered in connection with the overall problem of plant lay-out. Clean and attractive personnel room facilities should be provided in the design of any modern plant. The admission of as much daylight as possible should be provided for. In general, care should be taken to obtain a sufficient amount of light in buildings in which men are to work. Painting the interior of the plant a light color will materially improve visibility. A qualified expert on illumination should make re­commendations on provisions for artificial lighting, and this problem should receive careful study from the standpoint of possible night operation of the plant. An adequate heating system should be installed so that cold-weather operations may not endanger the health or interfere with the efficiency of men working in the plant. A proper ventilation system must provide an adequate amount of fresh air.