4. Reading. Read the text about the French company Perrier Vittel and fill in the gaps. Use the words in the box.

product, takeover, subsidiary, market leader, research centre, turnover, division, brands, customers, market share, production sites, acquisition, CEO (chief executive officer)

Perrier Vittel

Perrier Vittel is a 1._________ of the Nestle Group. It has millions of 2._________ all over the world. It is the water 3.________ of the group and has many famous 4.________ such as San Pellegrino, Contrex, Panna and Aquarel. There are sixty-seven 5._________ _________ producing billions of liters of bottled water. The main 6. ________ _______ of the Nestle Group is in Lausanne and there is a network of seventeen other centers on four continents employing 2,500 staff. This research helps produce safe and affordable water for everybody.

A recent new 7.________ is Nestle Pure Life. The company bottles this water locally in developing countries such as Pakistan and Brazil.

Nestle’s interest in water began in 1969 with the 8.________ of 30% of Vittel. After the 9._______ of Perrier in 1992 the new company Perrier-Vittel became a major part of the Nestle Group. Today water sales represent 8.8% of the group’s 10._______. The group is the international 11.________ ________ for bottled water with a 15% 12._______ ________. A new 13._______, Frits van Dijk took over in 2000 and he aims to keep Perrieri-Vittel at the front of the bottled water market in both sales and technology.

5. Look at the organization chart. Use the information from the text above to complete the missing information. The first is done for you. Give the summary of the text.

6. Read the text and explain the words in bold. Mixed Economy

Mixed economy is an economic system that includes a variety of public and government control, or a mixture of capitalism and socialism.

There is not one single definition for a mixed economy, but relevant aspects include: a degree of private economic freedom (including privately owned industry) intermingled with centralized economic planning and government regulation (which may include regulation of the market for environmental concerns, social welfare or efficiency, or state ownership and management of some of the means of production for national or social objectives).

Technically all the economies of the world are mixed: it is just the balance elements between market and planned elements that alters.

The aim of mixed economies is to avoid essential disadvantages of both systems while enjoying the benefits that they both offer. So, in a mixed economy the government and the private sector interact in solving economic problems. The state controls the share of the output through taxation and transfer payments and intervenes to supply essential items such as health, education and defence, while private firms produce cars, furniture, electrical items and similar, less essential products.

The UK is a mixed economy: some services are provided by the state (for example, health care and defence) whilst a range of privately owned businesses offer other goods and services.

Vocabulary

social welfare – социальное

благосостояние

to avoid disadvantages – избегать

недостатков

to enjoy the benefits – пользоваться

преимуществами

to solve economic problems – решать

экономические проблемы

a share of the output – доля в объеме

производства

essential items – товары и услуги первой

необходимости

7. Give Russian equivalents:

environmental concerns, relevant aspects, state ownership, taxation, transfer payments.

8. Choose words from the list to fill in the gaps, then use them to make sentences:

government, economic , social , essential

1. _____ welfare	3. _____ disadvantages
2. _____ control	4. _____ freedom

9. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text:

1. Mixed economy is an economic system that includes a variety of _____ control.

2. The aim of mixed economies is to avoid _____ of planned and market economies.

3. The state controls _____ through taxation.

4. In the UK economy some services _____ by the state.

10. Answer the questions:

1. What’s a mixed economy?

2. What are the aspects of mixed economy?

3. What may government regulation include in this system?

4. What is the aim of mixed economies?

5. What does the state control in mixed economies?

6. Can you give examples of countries with mixed economy?

11. Use words/phrases from the list to help you retell the text:

public and government control, private economic freedom, centralized economic planning, essential disadvantages, solving economic problems, share of the output, transfer payments, essential items.