8. Answer the questions:

1. What is the fundamental difference in political views between the USA and such countries as Lebanon, Iraq and Palestine?

2. What is the aim of the USA’s policy towards the Middle East?

3. What does the Bush administration accuse Islamist fundamentalists and their sponsors of?

4. What do the Arabs, for their part, blame US and Israeli military occupations for?

5. What do US and Israeli military occupations in the Middle East trigger?

6. What link does there exist between military interventions and terrorism?

7. Will it heighten further tensions between East and West if this fundamental conflict of views continues?

8. Why does the continuing hardship of military occupation play into the hands of religious fundamentalists?

9. What is the only means of halting violence and terrorism in the Middle East according to the author of the article? Do you share this point of view?

9. Turn to current press material. Find an article on the topic “Military Activities, Hostilities, Terrorism” in a current Russian newspaper and render it into English using active vocabulary. Prepare questions on the article for discussion.

   Приложение

   THE ANALYSIS OF A NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

Introduction

• The title of the article is

• The article under analysis / consideration / discussion / review is

• The article is entitled

• The author of the article is

• The article is published in

• The article is taken from

• The subject / topic / problem / current issue of the article is

• The problem was caused by / resulted from / was a result of

• The objective / main aim of the author is

• The article deals with / tackles / raises / bears on the problem of

• The article is devoted to

• The article provides ample food for thought for the readers

Main Body The Author’s Technique

• The author looks at / takes a quick look at / explores / examines the problem of

• The author informs the readers that / describes / characterizes / shows / illustrates / defines / portrays /discusses / demonstrates / introduces / analyses / suggests / recommends

• The author foresees / predicts / claims / contends / admits / asserts / criticizes / acknowledges

• The author brings to light / highlights / stresses / lays stress on / draws the readers’ attention to / points out / puts emphasis on / emphasizes / focuses on / comments on

Developing Arguments

• Sequencing

Firstly / First of all / Secondly / Thirdly / Then / Next / After that / Finally / Eventually

• Addition

Furthermore / moreover / in addition to / to add to that / besides / what’s more / apart from this

• Contrast

Nevertheless / however / despite this / in spite of / actually / in fact / on the one hand …on the other hand / although / even though / whereas / at the same time

• Highlight

It’s essential / vital / extremely important to understand

Ultimately / basically / most importantly

In particular / especially / chiefly / mainly

If we look at the problem closely

What it exactly means is

• Cause and Effect

Because of / owing to / due to / for this reason

Therefore / as a result / hence / accordingly / consequently / as a consequence / thus

Summarizing

• So to sum up / in brief / to cut it short

• If I can briefly summarize

• Before I finish let me just go over the main points of

Concluding

• In conclusion / Taking everything into account / On the whole / as it was previously stated

• I’d like to finish by saying that

• To conclude I’d like to say that

• To reach one’s own conclusion

Expressing Opinion

• I’m convinced / I do think / I feel / I tend to think / I would suggest that

My view is that / As I see it / It seems to me / In my opinion/view / It strikes me that / I’m inclined to believe

• I totally / completely / absolutely agree with

I fully understand that / I’m in favor of / I support / I share the author’s opinion / I see eye to eye with the author on this problem

The author is correct to point out

To a certain extent / up to a point I agree with …but

• I disagree with / I couldn’t agree to this / I don’t support the idea of / I oppose to the author’s idea / I’m afraid that I can’t accept

Оксана Романовна Жерновая