21. Прочтите тексты 1 «а» и 1 «в» и ответьте на вопросы после них.

1 «А»

Our higher schools may be divided into Universities, specialized Institutes and Academies. There are Universities in big industrial cities. At present some major Institutes of the country have got the University status. Classical Universities train highly qualified specialists in various branches of natural sciences and humanities while specialized Institutes, Academies and Technological Universities of our country train specialists for various fields of culture or national economy. Most of them are polytechnic in nature. For example, Food Technological Universities train food technologists for various branches of the food industry as well as economists, managers, mechanical engineers and food machinery designers. At Institutes and Universities students carry on research. Now colleges, gymnasiums and lyceums are being established on the basis of higher schools all over the country. Some of them train entrants to these higher schools, others provide specialized secondary education.

1 «В»

There are Universities and a great number of colleges in Great Britain and in the USA. Most British Universities train specialists in art and science. American Universities train students mostly for business and industry. British Universities grant their own degrees. A British college is a university institution which can’t give its own degrees. London University includes 40 such colleges situated in various parts of London and it grants degrees to them. An American college is a higher school which gives degrees. While in Oxford and Cambridge there is a number of colleges with their own courses of studies where students live, have their meals and study, new British Universities consist of various faculties. Most American Universities have a central campus (Университетский городок) with a great number of various colleges on it. British and American students carry on research at the Universities.

After completing the course of study British and American students get a Bachelor’s degree which corresponds to the Diploma of Higher Education in Russia. After a year of post-graduate study and research young people may get a Master’s degree. Doctor of Philosophy is given for three or more further years of research and the submission of a thesis. It corresponds to the Russian Candidate of Science degree. The highest degree is Doctor of Science which corresponds to the Russian Doctor of Science.

Questions: 1. How are higher schools divided in Russia, Great Britain and the USA? 2. What is the difference between British and American colleges? 3. What are the main degrees at higher schools in Great Britain and the USA? 4. What is your idea of training Bachelors and Masters at your University?

22. Прочтите текст и объясните по-английски, как Вы поняли значение слова “tutor”.

The tutorial system of teaching is typical of Oxford and Cambridge, the most ancient Universities of Great Britain. Every student has a tutor who plans his work. A tutor carries on his own research and directs a group of 10-15 students. Each student is to write papers on the subject he is studying and submit them to the tutor once a week for correction and discussion. The tutor is of great help to his students. He knows all about their life inside and outside the college.

23. Прочтите текст и скажите, отличается ли система обучения в вузах нашей страны от системы обучения в Оксфордском и Кембриджском университетах.

Students of higher schools in our country have lectures and practical hours. They attend lectures on different subjects such as Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and others and take notes. During practical hours they study the material of the lectures.

Students also make experiments and carry on research in the laboratories and workshops of their Universities. The laboratories of the Universities are equipped with up–to–date apparatuses and there is a library and reading rooms where students can borrow books and journals.