Idioms and expressions

1. within a stone’s throw of…

2. up hill and down dale

3. to go West

4. at the end of the world/ earth

5. to take a French leave

6. a drop in the ocean/in the bucket

7. to be a Dutchman.

8. to bring smb back ( or down) to earth

PROVERBS AND SAYINGS

1. Every country has its customs.

2. So many countries, so many customs.

3. Rome was not built in one day.

4. When at Rome, do as the Romans do.

5. East is East, West is West.

6. The Dutch have taken Holland.

7. Every bird likes its own nest best.

8. Dry bread at home is better than roast meat abroad.

9. A great ship asks a deep water.

10. A land flowing with milk and honey.

CULTURE WORDS

The Stonehenge, the English Channel, Channel Tunnel, the Commonwealth, Greenwich, Wall Street, Uncle Sam, John Bull, Millennium Dome.

Vocabulary work

Exercise 1.

Look up the English equivalents for the following Russian words and word combinations.

Растительность, исполнительная власть, часовой пояс, правительство, опустынивание, законодательная власть, континент, судебная власть, нефть, машиностроение, мигрировать, представитель, страхование, политическая партия, право, запрет, сенат, доминирующий язык, регион, национализм, провинция, индустриализация, принадлежность, развитый, президентская республика, сельское хозяйство, поправка, диктатор, район, развивающийся, сообщество, конституционная монархия, официальный язык.

Exercise 2.

the following examples illustrating the proper use of idioms and expressions. Render the sentences into Russian paying special attention to the translation of the italicized phrases.

1. The House is aware that experiments in this direction have already been made, with conspicuous success, but such experiments are but a drop in the bucket. (J. Galsworthy. The Silver Spoon.)

2. Then, in the midst of this grave, rather transparent, explanation of changed policy, his eyes twinkled. “This’ll astonish Timothy’s weak nerves. That precious young thong will have something to say about this, or I’m a Dutchman! (J. Galsworthy. The Man of Property)

3. In his exuberance, he hardly noticed that the grave expression on the solicitor’s face had not altered. But the latter’s words brought him down to earth with a bump. (A. Christie. The Witness for the Prosecution)

4. “You are too kind,” he said in his most chilling manner. “If you had let me know that you wanted to speak to me I would have called on you.” Seeing that he evidently wished her at the end of the earth, Gemma hastened to state her business. (E.Voynich. The Gadfly)

5. “If I get out of this safely”, he said to himself, “this is the end. I am going West, and going into some other line of business.” (Th. Dreiser. The Financier)

Exercise 3.

Match the Russian expressions on the left with their English equivalents on the right.

уйти не прощаясь открыл Америку, называется встреча на Эльбе в лес со своими дровами что ни город, то норов всяк кулик свое болото хвалит свой хлеб сытнее чужих пирогов капля в море большому кораблю – большое плавание все пути ведут в Рим у черта на куличках молочные реки кисельные берега

to carry coals to Newcastle to take a French leave The Dutch have taken Holland link up on the Elbe a drop in the ocean a great ship asks a deep water a land flowing with milk and honey all roads lead to Rome at the end of the earth every country has its customs every bird likes its own nest best dry bread at home is better than roast meat abroad

Exercise 4.

Complete the sentences. Use each word once only.

beaches; capital; coasts; countries; island; lake; mountain; river; sea; valley

1. Great Britain is an… .

2. It's divided into three… : England, Scotland and Wales.

3. London is the … of England and the United Kingdom (Great Britain and Northern Ireland).

4. The … Thames runs right through the city.

5. In summer many British people spend their holidays by the … .

6. England has some nice holiday resorts with lovely sandy … .

7. But there are also steep … , like in Dover or Folkestone for example.

8. If you want to see Nessie, then you must go to the famous British … , Loch Ness.

9. It is in Scotland and so is Great Britain's highest … , Ben Nevis.

10. If you climb Ben Nevis and the weather is fine, you will have a wonderful view over the … below.

Exercise 5.

Study the definitions of “country” and “nationality”. Look through the table. Try to memorize the words.

Country	Adjective	Person
Australia	Australian	an Australian
Austria	Austrian	an Austrian
Belgium	Belgian	a Belgian
Britain	British	a Briton
Bulgaria	Bulgarian	a Bulgarian
Canada	Canadian	a Canadian
China	Chinese	a Chinese
Denmark	Danish	a Dane
England	English	an Englishman, an Englishwoman
Finland	Finnish	a Finn
France	French	a Frenchman, a Frenchwoman
Germany	German	a German
Greece	Greek	a Greek
Holland (also Netherlands)	Dutch	a Dutchman, a Dutchwoman
Hungary	Hungarian	a Hungarian
Iraq	Iraqi	an Iraqi
Ireland, Republic of	Irish	an Irishman, an Irishwoman
Israel	Israeli	an Israeli
Italy	Italian	an Italian
Japan	Japanese	a Japanese
Netherlands, the (see Holland)	Dutch	a Dutchman, a Dutchwoman, or a Netherlander
New Zealand	-	a New Zealander
Norway	Norwegian	a Norwegian
Poland	Polish	a Pole
Portugal	Portuguese	a Portuguese
Russia	Russian	a Russian
Saudi Arabia	Saudi Arabian or Saudi	a Saudi Arabian or a Saudi
Scotland	Scottish	a Scot
Spain	Spanish	a Spaniard
Sweden	Swedish	a Swede
Switzerland	Swiss	a Swiss
Thailand	Thai	a Thai
Turkey	Turkish	a Turk
Ukraine	Ukrainian	a Ukrainian
United Arab Emirates (UAE)	-	-
United Kingdom (UK)	British	a Briton
Wales	Welsh	a Welshman, a Welshwoman

Exercise 6.

Each of these word pairs has got a spelling mistake. Find it and correct it. 1.  Englend - English - Englishman - English 2.  Israel - Israelite - Israeli, Israelite - Israeli, Hebreu 3.  Portugol, Portuguese, Portuguese, Portuguese 4.  Italie - Italian - Italian – Italian 5.  Russie - Russian - Russian – Russian 6.  Greecee - Greek - Greek – Greek 7.  Germeny - German - German – German 8.  Hungarie - Hungarian - Hungarian - Hungarian 9.  Norwey - Norwegian - Norwegian - Norwegian 10. Finnland - Finnish - Finn – Finnish 11.  Poland - Polish - Polle – Polish 12.  Turkey - Turkish - Turq – Turkish 13.  Franse - French - Frenchman – French 14.  Great Britan - British - British, Brit - English 15.  Croatie - Croatian - Croat – Croatian 16.  Holand - Dutch - Dutchman – Dutch 17.  Spain - Spannish - Spaniard - Spannish 18.  Denmark - Danish - Daine – Danish 19.  Irland - Irish - Irishman – Irish 20.  Sweden - Swedish - Sweed – Swedish

Exercise 7. Fill in the European country to these words. Country names are followed by an adjective, person, language.

1.	- Swedish - Swede - Swedish
2.	- Irish - Irishman - Irish
3.	- Danish – Dane - Danish
4.	- Spanish - Spaniard - Spanish
5.	- Dutch - Dutchman - Dutch
6.	- Croatian - Croat - Croatian
7.	- British - British, Briton, Brit - English
8.	- French - Frenchman - French
9.	- Turkish – Turk - Turkish
10.	- Polish - Pole - Polish
11.	- Finnish – Finn - Finnish
12.	- Norwegian - Norwegian, Norwegian
13.	- Hungarian - Hungarian - Hungarian
14.	- German - German - German
15.	- Greek – Greek - Greek
16.	- Russian - Russian - Russian
17.	- Italian – Italian - Italian
18.	- Portuguese, Portuguese, Portuguese
19.	- Albanian - Albanian - Albanian
20.	- English - Englishman - English