Lower Level of Management:
The lower level management consists of the Foremen and the Supervisors. They are selected by the middle level management. It is also called Operative / Supervisory level or First Line of Management.
The lower level management performs following activities:
Lower level management directs the workers / employees.
They develop morale in the workers.
It maintains a link between workers and the middle level management.
The lower level management informs the workers about the decisions which are taken by the management. They also inform the management about the performance, difficulties, feelings, demands, etc., of the workers.
They spend more time in directing and controlling.
The lower level managers make daily, weekly and monthly plans.
They have limited authority but important responsibility of getting the work done from the workers. They regularly report and are directly responsible to the middle level management.
Along with the experience and basic management skills, they also require more technical and communication skills.
Planning:
It is the basic function of management. It deals with chalking out a future course of action & deciding in advance the most appropriate course of actions for achievement of pre-determined goals. According to KOONTZ, “Planning is deciding in advance - what to do, when to do & how to do. It bridges the gap from where we are & where we want to be”. A plan is a future course of actions. It is an exercise in problem solving & decision making. Planning is determination of courses of action to achieve desired goals. Thus, planning is a systematic thinking about ways & means for accomplishment of pre-determined goals. Planning is necessary to ensure proper utilization of human & non-human resources. It is all pervasive, it is an intellectual activity and it also helps in avoiding confusion, uncertainties, risks, wastages etc.
Top-Level Managers:
These top managers are responsible for setting the overall direction of a company and making sure that major organizational objectives are achieved. Their leadership role can extend over the entire organization or for specific divisions such as finance, marketing, human resources, or operations.
It is the basic function of management. It deals with chalking out a future course of action & deciding in advance the most appropriate course of actions for achievement of pre-determined goals.
The main responsibility and the most important function that the manager should do it’s the planning for the company, and the planning in the top of management level its be like plan for the company as a whole and for all managements levels with all apartment in the organization because the top managers they look to the company from the top so the planning it’s the main function for the top managers.
Middle-Level Management:
The second layer of management is called middle-level management. This level of managers report to top management and serve as the head of major departments and their specialized units. Middle managers serve as a liaison between top managers and the rest of the organization from a very unique standpoint. They are typically much more visible to the greater workforce than top management, but they spend most of their time developing and implementing strategic actions plans needed to achieve the organizational goals set by top management.
Middle managers essentially have the important role of designing, selecting, and carrying out the best plan possible as a means of propelling a company towards its overall goals. Job titles of middle managers include directors, assistant directors, regional directors, division mangers, deans, branch managers, site managers, and so on.
The planning for the middle managers its limit on there apartment that they manage not like the top managers they need to plan for the whole organization at the same time the middle managers the plan depends on the top managers plan and they need also for their planning the top management approval that’s why we can say the middle managers their part in planning limited.
Low-Level Management:
The third and final layer of management is called low-level management. Low-level managers work most closely with the greater workforce and hold a much more interpersonal role than any of the other levels of management. These managers work to ensure that individual employees are meeting their performance goals in a way that aligns with the organizational goals, such as completing a set number of projects by a specific deadline or selling a set number of products within a certain period of time. Titles of low-level managers can also vary significantly from company to company, but typically they resemble the department that they are situated in, such as accounting manager, academic affairs manager, human resources manager, head of financial operations, sales leader, and so on.
The low managers levels they don’t have to plan for the company or they just plan to the employee under their responsibility otherwise they follow the middle and the top management.
Figure (3)