Әдебиеттер тізімі

Негізгі оқулықтар:

1. New English File, Elementary Students’ book, Christina Latham-Koenig, Clive Oxenden.

2. New English File, Elementary, Workbook with key, Clive Oxenden, Christina Latham-Koenig with Tracy Byrne 2007

3. New English File, Elementary, Mini-dictionary, Clive Oxenden, Christina Latham-Koenig with Tracy Byrne 2007

4. New English File, Elementary, CD1, Clive Oxenden, Christina Latham-Koenig with Tracy Byrne 2007

5. New English File, Elementary, CD2, Clive Oxenden, Christina Latham-Koenig with Tracy Byrne 2007

6. New English File, Elementary, CD3, Clive Oxenden, Christina Latham-Koenig with Tracy Byrne 2007

7. New English File, Elementary Teacher’s Book, Clive Oxenden, Christina Latham-Koenig with Tracy Byrne 2007

8. Н.А. Самуэльян «English for Banking». Пособие по английскому языку для изучающих банковское и финансовое дело, Москва, Издательство «Менеджер» 2000.

Сөздік:

1. В.К. Мюллер Англо-русский словарь. Санкт-Петербург, «Золотой век», «Диамант», 2000

2. В.Мюллер, С.Боянус English-Russian dictionary. Англо-русский словарь

Москва, Локид, 2001

1. Methodical recommendations for reading, listening and writing.

Good pronunciation helps you to communicate better.

You can easily improve your pronunciation.

Tip 1. Concentrate on English sounds, which you don’t have in your language.

Try to recognize phonetic symbols. Then you can check the pronunciation of words in dictionary.

Tip 2. Many letters have more than one pronunciation. Try to see the spelling and pronunciation rules. Many combinations of letters always make the same sounds.

Tip 3. When you pronounce a word try to exaggerate the stressed syllable. Always underline the stressed syllable on a new word.

Tip 4. Pronounce strongly the stressed words or syllables. Say the other word quickly without stress. Try to get the right rhythm in each sentence you say.

Tip 5. If you use the wrong intonation, they can think you are bored or unfriendly. Try to sound interested friendly.

Tip 6. Practice your pronunciation outside class.

• Use a dictionary to help you to pronounce new words.

• Use ‘Listen and Speak’ cassette.

• Read aloud and record yourself on a cassette.

• Listen to spoken English as much as possible, e.g. songs, films.

Understanding spoken language is more difficult than reading because you don’t have time to translate every word. In conversation people use a lot of constructions and weak form (words which are not stressed) so it is possible to hear every word clearly. When you listen to a cassette you can’t see the speaker’s face. This makes it more difficult.

Listening to cassettes or watching videos is a very good way to practice understanding different voices, accents, and situations.

LISTENING FOR THE GENERAL IDEA

Tip 1. Relax. Don’t stop listening when you don’t understand words or phrases. It’s normal not to understand everything. The first time you listen, just try to get an idea of what you are listening to.

Tip 2. You don’t need to hear or remember every word. Try to listen for the key words – words, which carry the important information. These are usually stressed. Focus on understanding the general idea.

Tip 3. If you are listening to a cassette and have the script, use it to check what you have and haven’t understood.

LISTENING FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION

Tip 4. When you listen for specific information (e.g. a train time, a price in a shop) you usually know more or less what you are going to hear. Concentrate on listening for what you need to know. Don’t worry about understanding the rest.

Tip 5. It isn’t enough to listen only in class. You need to practice outside class too.

You can:

• Record and listen to satellite TV news in English.

• Practice with the ‘Listen and Speak’ cassette.

• Listen to songs (and read the words if you can)

• Read ‘EASY READER’ with the cassette.

• Watch English films with subtitles.

• Talk to English-speakers as much as possible.

HOW TO USE DICTIONARY TO LEARN VOCABULARY

A good bi-lingual dictionary is very important for efficient language learning. A dictionary doesn’t only tell you the meaning of a word, it also tells you the grammar, pronunciation and stress. It sometimes gives you an example sentence too.

Organize your vocabulary learning.

1. Find the meaning of new words.

2. Check grammar, spelling and pronunciation.

3. Extend your vocabulary.

How can I remember new words?

The way you record and learn a word helps you remember it. For example you can:

1. Imagine the word.

2. Write a personal example.

3. Make a word map.

4. Associate it with a similar word in your language.

But you can’t learn new words just by writing them down once. You have to revise them down regularly. If you test yourself often on new vocabulary you can remember up to 80% of words.

To remember words or phrases, follow this routine.

1. Record the new word with the correct stress.

2. Try to remember it after a minute.

3. Test your memory again after an hour.

4. Remember it again the next day.

5. Test yourself after a week, then after a month.

How many words do I need to know?

Although Shakespeare used 33,000 words, English speakers today use only about 5,000 words in conversation. By the end of this course you will know at least 2,000 English words.

Learn words that are important for you.

It is impossible to remember every new word you see. Choose words that you think are useful and important. Write them down and revise them regularly.

Why do I remember some words and forget others?

Some words are easy to remember, because, for example, the word is similar to a word in you language, or it’s a word that you often use. Other words are more difficult to remember, because the spelling or pronunciation is unusual, or because you don’t often see or hear the word.

When you revise a group of words, focus especially on the ones that you find difficult to remember. Try to think why.

If you forget the same word again and again, try to think of a special way to remember it.

1. Think of image in your mind.

2. Try to associate it with another word in English or your own language.

3. Write down the word and say it a few times.

4. Write it on a card and keep it in your pocket to test yourself from time to time.

Words often have more than one meaning.

How do I know which one I want?

e.g. Where do you work? – In a bank.

The lift doesn’t work. – It’s broken.

In these sentences, the verb ‘work’ has two different meanings. Many other English words have different meanings, and they can also be grammatically different. For example, the same word can be a verb or a noun,

e.g. Book (read a book) noun/to book (to book a ticket) verb.

Look carefully at the context to decide which meaning is correct.

When you look up a word in a dictionary, you sometimes find more the one meaning.

1. Decide if the word in your sentence is a noun, adjective, verb, adverb, etc.

2. If there is still more than one meaning, look at the context again and choose the best variant.

How can I continue learning vocabulary after the course?

You can learn more words all the time, from books, magazines, songs, etc.

Remember to check the grammar and pronunciation of new words in your dictionary, as well as meaning, and record them in you vocabulary book. And don’t forget to revise all the words you have learnt in the course.

FOCUS ON SPEAKING

Good pronunciation helps you to communicate better. You can easily improve your pronunciation.

Tip 1. Concentrate on English sounds which you don't have in-your language. Try to recognize phonetic symbols. Then you can check the pronunciation of words in a dictionary.

Tip 2. Many letters have more than one pronunciation. Try to see the spelling

and pronunciation rules. Many combinations of letters always make the same sounds.

Tip 3. When you pronounce a word try to exaggerate the stressed syllable. Always underline the stressed syllable on a new word.

Tip 4. Pronounce strongly the stressed words or syllables. Say the other words. Quickly without stress. Try to get the right rhythm in each sentence you say.

Tip 5. If you use the wrong intonation, the can think you are bored or unfriendly. Try to sound interested friendly.

Tip 6. Practise your pronunciation outside class.

• Use a dictionary to help you to pronounce new words.

• Use 'Listen and Speak cassette.

• Read aloud and record yourself on a cassette.

• Listen to spoken English as much as possible, e g. Songs, films.

Understanding spoken language is more difficult than reading because you don't have time to translate every word. In conversation people use a lot of contractions and weak form (words which aren't stressed) so it is impossible to hear every word clearly. When you listen to a cassette you can't see the speaker's face. This makes it more difficult.

Listening to cassettes or watching videos is a very good way to practise understanding different voices, accents, situations.

Which of these problems do you have?

1. I haven’t got enough vocabulary to say what I want to.

2. I always worry that I do many mistakes.

3. I speak to slowly, because I have to translate everything I want to say before I can say it.

4. I feel embarrassed when I speak English and I can’t express my personality.

5. I feel strange speaking English in class to people who speak my language.

If you have any of these problems, try to follow these tips.

Tip 1. If you don’t know a word or a phrase, don’t just stop. Try to find another way to express it with words you know.

Tip 2. You can always say more than you think. Don’t worry about mistakes. The important thing is to communicate what you want to say.

Tip 3. Think what you want to say before you speak. It gives you confidence.

Tip 4. Practice to speak English as much as you can. The more you practice, the more confident you’ll feel.

In class you can:

• Take every opportunity to speak English. Never use your language if you can say it in English.

• Talk as much as you can when you work in pairs/groups.

Outside class you can:

• Learn and practice the words you need to talk about your job, family, etc.

• Use ‘Listen and Speak’ cassette.

• Practice before and after class with another students.