АСТРАХАНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

КАФЕДРА «ИНОСТРАННЫЕ ЯЗЫКИ В ИНЖЕНЕРНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ»

Методическая разработка по английскому языку по теме “Автомобиль” для студентов 2 курса специальности 230100 “Эксплуатация и обслуживание транспортных и технологических машин и оборудования”

Астрахань 2004

Составители:

Макарова Е.В., ассистент кафедры “Иностранные языки в инженерно-техническом образовании”

Рецензент: Казанцева С.В., доц.кафедры “Иностранные языки в инженерно-техническом образовании”

Методическая разработка одобрена и утверждена на заседании кафедры “ИЯИТО”от 29.06.2004 протокол №7

Automobile

Introduction

Vocabulary to be remembered

to propel-продвигать вперед suspension system-подвесная система

suburbs-окраины spring-пружина, рессора

elaborate-сложный, комплексный shock absorber- амортизатор

highway system-магистраль/транс- cushion-подушка, смягчать

портная артерия

to alter-изменять (ся) bumps-столкновения

to rank-выстраивать в ряд, ставить в порядке to rotate-вращать, приводить в движение

injury-повреждение steering system-рулевая система

intended use-назначение headlights-фары

vans-фургон occupant-зд. находящиеся в автомобиле

van style vehicle-трейллер axles-оси, мосты

cargo-груз differential gear-распределительный вал

frame-зд. база drivetrain-ходовая часть

to transmit-передавать driveshaft-карданный вал

mud-грязь to lubricate-смазывать

Read and translate the text.

Automobile, self-propelled vehicle used primarily on public roads but adaptable to other surfaces. Automobiles changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the United States and other industrialized nations. From the growth of suburbs to the development of elaborate road and highway systems, the so-called horseless carriage has forever altered the modern landscape.

The manufacture, sale, and servicing of automobiles have become key elements of industrial economies. But along with greater mobility and job creation, the automobile has brought noise and air pollution, and automobile accidents rank among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world. But for better or worse, the 1900s can be called the Age of the

Automobile and cars will no doubt continue to shape our culture and economy well into the 21st century.

Automobiles are classified by size, style, number of doors, and intended use. The typical automobile, also called a car, auto, motorcar, and passenger car, has four wheels and can carry up to six people, including a driver. Larger vehicles designed to carry more passengers are called vans, minivans, omnibuses, or buses. Those used to carry cargo are called pickups or trucks, depending on their size and design. Minivans are van-style vehicles built on a passenger car frame that can usually carry up to eight passengers. Sport-utility vehicles, also known as SUVs, are more rugged than passenger cars and are designed for driving in mud or snow.

In 2001 manufacturing plants in more than 35 countries produced 39.5 million passenger cars. About 7.3 million passenger vehicles were produced in North America in 2001.

The automobile is built around an engine. Various systems supply the engine with fuel, cool it during operation, lubricate its moving parts, and remove exhaust gases it creates. The engine produces mechanical power that is transmitted to the automobile's wheels through a drivetrain, which includes a transmission, one or more driveshafts, a differential gear, and axles. Suspension systems, which include springs and shock absorbers, cushion the ride and help protect the vehicle from being damaged by bumps, heavy loads, and other stresses. Wheels and tires support the vehicle on the roadway and, when rotated by powered axles, propel the vehicle forward or backward. Steering and braking systems provide control over direction and speed. An electrical system starts and operates the engine, monitors and controls many aspects of the vehicle's operation, and powers such components as headlights and radios. Safety features such as bumpers, air bags, and seat belts help protect occupants in an accident.

Complete the sentences:

1. The typical automobile has ______ and can carry up to __ people, including a driver.

2. From the growth of suburbs to the development of ________ and _____, the so-called horseless carriage has forever altered the modern landscape.

3. Steering and braking systems provide control over _________.

4. Various systems supply the _____ with fuel, cool it during operation, lubricate its moving parts, and remove exhaust gases it creates.

5. ________ cushion the ride and help protect the vehicle from being damaged by bumps, heavy loads, and other stresses.

Try and guess the meaning of the following words and word combinations:

adaptable braking system

for better or worth radio

no doubt air bags

omnibusses seat belts

exhaust gases bumpers

Discuss the following.

1. Automobile development. Definition of the automobile.

2. Classification of the vehicles.

3. The main parts of the vehicle. Their aims.

Retell the text.