Пояснения к тексту

sun-scorched — обожженные солнцем

permafrost — вечная мерзлота

implies — предусматривает

meet the requirements — отвечать требованиям

manpower — людские ресурсы

assets — производственные фонды

guidelines — основные направления

to take into account — принимать во внимание

A UNIFIED TRANSPORT SYSTEM

1. Probably no other country has to solve such complex transport problems as the Soviet Union which occupies one-sixth of the globe's land surface. Its territory incorporates sun-scorched deserts and boundless tundra, high mountain ranges and impassable swamps, taiga forests, and turbulent rivers, permafrost areas and highly seismic zones. Some of the economic areas are separated by distances unparalleled in any other country. Linking them up is the country's unified transport system.

2. When we speak about the unified transport system we mean the economically, technologically and technically balanced totality of all types of transport - railway, sea, automobile, river, pipeline and air transport, and city and local factory transport.

3. The balanced nature of the system implies that each type of transport is used where it is most effective, and that all of them together fully meet the constantly changing transport requirements4 of the people and the national economy.

4. Our transport network is really enormous. It accounts for almost one-tenth of the capital investments in the national economy, for approximately the same share of our total manpower, and for one-fifth of the country's production assets.

5. This huge scope of work made it necessary to have several ministries responsible for transport. But they all get their guidelines from a single nation wide plan which takes into account both the requirements of society and the technical and economic possibilities. This is true of the country as a whole and of individual economic areas, republics, regions, etc.

VIII. Прочтите 5-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

What made it necessary to have several ministries responsible for transport?

1. The development of transport made it necessary to have several ministries responsible for transport.

2. The economic development made it necessary to have several ministries responsible for transport.

3. This huge scope of work made it necessary to have several ministries responsible for transport.

ВАРИАНТ 3

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см. образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The construction of the oil centre began after the plan had been adopted.

2. These text-books on chemistry were printed in our printshop.

3. A chain of thermal and atomic plants is built in the USSR.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. A barometer is an instrument that measures air pressure.

2. As the experiment was very interesting many people watched it.

3. One can easily forget foreign words that one does not use every day.

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. Every candidate to the institute has to take four exams.

2. We did not know any student in that group.

3. Soviet youths have every opportunity to get a good education.

4. This new school building was to be ready last month.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. The invention I want to speak about is of great importance for our plant.

2. The ancient people believed the Sun was moving round the Earth.

V. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения; обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола to let.

1. Let the scientists improve this method of work.

2. Let me do this work without anybody's help.

VI. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложении.

1. The teacher told her pupils to learn the poem by heart.

2. The student translating the article came across many difficulties.

3. Translating the text he used a dictionary.

VII. Прочтите и устно переведите 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2 и 3-й абзацы.