Пояснения к тексту

to give an impetus — значительно ускорить

reinforced concrete — железобетон

C.A.H.I. - ЦАГИ

of the front rank — выдающийся

to take the lead — сделать что-либо первым

MSTISLAV KELDYSH (1911-1978)

1. Mstislav Keldysh was a distinguished physicist and mathematician. He was recognized in the Soviet Union as a leading authority on space mathematics and aerodynamics, as a brilliant scientific organizer. As head of a research institute during the 1940's he took a leading role in giving an impetus' to Soviet rocket development.

2. Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh was born into an intellectually prominent family on February 10, 1911 in Riga. His father, V. M. Keldysh, a civil engineer, is noted for his work in the development of reinforced concrete.

3. Following his graduation from the Moscow University in 1933 M. Keldysh joined the staff of the Central-Aero-Hydrodynamics Research Institute (C.A.H.I.), the major aircraft development centre in the Soviet Union. During the early years of the 1940's he concentrated on studies in the field of aerohydrodynamics. His studies provided the foundation on which the Soviet Union built its rocket and missile programs achieving success with the satellite Sputnik in December, 1957.

4. M. Keldysh is also regarded as a mathematician of the front rank4. Many mathematical techniques that he devised have proved their practical significance when applied to problems in physics and engineering.

5. In a more practical area M. Keldysh took the lead5 in introducing into the Soviet Union the concepts of computer mathematics, computer engineering, and some aspects of automatic control.

6. M. Keldysh was President of Soviet Academy of Sciences from 1961 to 1975. He died on June 24, 1978. M. Keldysh played fundamental roles in development of country's nuclear, computer and aerospace technologies.

V. Прочтите 5 и 6-й абзацы текста и дайте письменно ответ на следующий вопрос:

What did M. Keldysh do in a more practical area?

Контрольное задание №3

Чтобы правильно выполнить задание № 3, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

1. Грамматические функции и значения слов it, that, one.

2. Пассивный залог (The Passive Voice) видовременных форм Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect.

3. Функции глаголов to be, to have, to do.

4. Простые неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив в функции а) подлежащего, б) составной части сказуемого, в) определения, г) дополнения и е) обстоятельства цели. Герундий. Отличие герундия от причастия I.

5. Выражение приказания и просьбы с помощью глагола to let.

6. Бессоюзное подчинение в определительных и дополнительных придаточных предложениях.

Используйте образцы выполнения упражнений

Образец выполнения 1 (к упр. I)

Past Indefinite Passive

The students were given methodical instructions.

Студентам дали методические указания.

Образец выполнения 2 (к упр. II)

1. One must know grammar rules.

Нужно знать грамматические правила.

2. This book is more interesting than that one.

Эта книга интереснее, чем та (книга)

Образец выполнения 3 (к упр. IV)

We know it is true.

Мы знаем, что это правда.

ВАРИАНТ 1

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см. образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. When the work had been completed the results were published in the magazine.

2. When the experiment was being made everybody was watching it with great interest

3. A great deal of research work was done at this institute.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. It was noisy in the hall as the students were talking about their summer holidays.

2. Last year the number of tourists to the Caucasus exceeded that of the previous one.

2. One must know traffic rules if one wants to drive a car safely.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. I have to translate the text but I have no dictionary.

2. The students usually do not do anything on the day after the exam.

3. He was only 12 when his family moved to Moscow.

4. Professor N. was to deliver a lecture on history at the club.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. I think his work will be completed by the end of the next month.

2. The desks we sit at are made of wood.

V. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения; обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола to let.

1. Let us speak about our plans for the future.

2. Let our monitor give the teacher the list of our group.

VI. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложении.

1. Before writing our test we learn the necessary grammar material.

2. Speaking about his new invention the young engineer told us many interesting things.

3. To build new electric stations is to develop our industry.

VII. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык 1—5 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1—4 абзацы.