Пояснения к тексту

the internal combustion engine — двигатель внутреннего сгорания

to look for — искать

exhaust fumes — выхлопные газы

to take over — сменять, приходить на смену

THE CAR OF THE FUTURE

1. In the near future most cars will use the internal combustion engine1 and burn petrol. At the present rate of production oil supplies will run out in about fifty years, and we will have to look for2 other sources of energy. That is one of the most important aspects of the problem and another is the damage that exhaust fumes3 do to the environment and health of the people, especially in towns.

2. What kind of vehicle will eventually take over? At present there is a lot of talk about electric cars, for they have the advantage of giving off no exhaust fumes. The electric car has a long history. The first cars were built at the end of the last century but they could not compete against the internal combustion engine.

3. They have several disadvantages. First, we have no really suitable batteries - they tend to be too heavy, take a long time to charge, have too small capacity and a relatively short life.

4. So scientists and engineers are looking for better storage batteries or cells, and ways of using energy more economically and recharging batteries during deceleration.

5. Car manufacturers are looking for other energy and fuel sources. In Moscow there are more than a thousand lorries using liquid gas cylinders instead of petrol tanks. Prototypes of liquid gas buses and taxies have already been made.

6. The Soviet Union, the United States, West Germany and Japan are all working on hydrogen engines.

7. Some specialists even think that hydrogen will be the main source of energy for internal combustion engines by the end of the century.

VIII. Прочтите 5, 6 и 7-й абзацы текста и вопрос к ним. Из предложенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

What will be used instead of petrol in the car of the future?

1. Atomic energy will be used instead of petrol in the car of the future.

2. Hydrogen will be used instead of petrol in the car of the future.

3. Internal combustion engines will be used in the car of the future.

Вариант 2

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см. образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. After the lecture had been delivered we asked many questions, and the lecturer answered them.

2. Many specialists are trained for the national economy.

3. These students will be sent to Moscow to take part in the conference.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. The crowd came close to the speaker, as it was interested in the theme of his speech.

2. One must choose a profession which one likes.

3. My room is very light, that of my brother is not so light, but it is large.

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. The examination paper had, to contain not less than ten grammar exercises.

2. This book does not give any information on the history of chemistry.

3. I have been to Kiev this summer.

4. A new pumping-station is to be set up in this cotton-growing area.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. The X-rays passed through all the objects Roentgen placed in their way.

2. The young engineer knows the professor will give him some valuable advice.

V. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения; обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола to let.

1. Let the water boil.

2. Let us translate this article without a dictionary.

VI. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложении.

1. Не was informed about their coming to Moscow.

2. While building the bridge the workers used new materials.

3. To study geometry means to train logical thinking.

VII. Прочтите и устно переведите 1, 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1—3 абзацы.