XII. Найдите в тексте “в” предложения, отвечающие на следующие вопросы:

1. Чем занимаются маленькие адвокатские фирмы?

2. Почему профессия юриста приобретает все более узкую специализацию?

XIII. Прочтите и перескажите своим друзьям английские шутки:

The jury convicts a man of theft on circumstantial evidence. When his lawyer sends his case for appeal the man reveals that he was in prison at the time of the crime. “Good Heavens, man!” says the lawyer. “Why didn’t you reveal that fact at the trial?”

“Well,” said the man, “I thought it could prejudice the jury against me.”

_____________

to convict – признать виновным, вынести приговор, осудить

circumstantial evidence – косвенные улики

to reveal – раскрыть, разоблачить

Good Heavens! – Боже мой!

to prejudice (against smb) – предубеждать (против кого-либо)

* * *

The guards are taking a man sentenced to death to the execution place in very bad weather.

“What nasty weather!” he says.

“You are not the one to complain,” answers one of the guards. “We still have to go back!”

_____________

execution – казнь

to complain - жаловаться

Unit 11 u.S. Courts

Active vocabulary

to establish – основывать, учреждать, создавать

the judicial branch – судебная власть

the legislative branch – законодательная власть

the executive branch – исполнительная власть

ruling – постановление, судебное решение

to protect rights and liberties – защищать права и свободы

guaranteed by the Constitution - гарантированные Конституцией

to apply the law – применять закон

to resolve disputes – урегулировать споры

to enforce the laws – следить за соблюдением законов

The Founding Fathers – отцы-основатели

an independent judiciary – независимое судопроизводство

to ensure fairness and equal justice – обеспечить справедливость и равное правосудие

to promote judicial independence – обеспечить независимость судопроизводства

to draft a law – составить законопроект

to appoint for life – назначать пожизненно

to remove from office – снять с должности

continuance in office – пребывание в должности

conviction - осуждение, признание виновным

treason – измена (high treason - государственная измена)

bribery - взяточничество

misdemeanors – судебно наказуемый проступок, преступление

to reduce the salary of a federal judge – уменьшить заработную плату федерального судьи

to decide a case – принять решение по делу

I. Прочтите и переведите текст “а”. Text a u.S. Courts

Article III of the United States Constitution establishes the judicial branch as one of the three separate and distinct branches of the federal government. The other two are the legislative and executive branches.

They often say that the federal courts are the guardians of the Constitution because their rulings protect rights and liberties guaranteed by the Constitution. Through fair and impartial judgments, the federal courts interpret and apply the law to resolve disputes. The courts do not make the laws. That is the responsibility of the Congress. The courts do not have the power to enforce the laws. That is the role of the President and the executive branch departments and agencies.

The Founding Fathers of the nation considered an independent federal judiciary essential to ensure fairness and equal justice for all citizens of the United States. The Constitution that they drafted promotes judicial independence in two major ways. First, federal judges are appointed for life. The society can remove a federal judge from office only through impeachment and conviction by Congress of “Treason, Bribery, or other high crimes and Misdemeanors.” Second, the Constitution provides that neither the President nor the Congress can reduce the salary of a federal judge during his continuance in office. These two protections help an independent judiciary to decide cases free from popular passions and political influence.