8.3. Будущее завершенное время

Future Perfect Tense

Образование: “will” + “have” + глагол с окончанием –ed или 3-я форма глагола, если он неправильный (will have Ved / III) – will have worked, will have written.

Для образования вопросительных и отрицательных форм используется “will”.

Показатель времени Present Perfect: предлог “by”: by 3 o’clock, by Sunday, by that time, by the end of the year.

Positive Form	Negative Form	General Question
He will have written a composition by 5 o’clock tomorrow	He will not have written a composition by 5 o’clock tomorrow	Will he have written a composition by 5 o’clock tomorrow?

Общий вопрос (General Question) требует краткого ответа:

• Will he have written a composition by 5 o’clock tomorrow? – Yes, he will. / No, he won’t.

Разделительный вопрос (Disjunctive Question):

• He will have written a composition by 5 o’clock tomorrow, won’t he?

• He won’t have written a composition by 5 o’clock tomorrow, will he?

Специальный вопрос (Special Question):

Порядок слов:

1. Вопросительное слово.

2. Вспомогательный глагол (will).

3. Подлежащее.

4. Основной (смысловой) глагол (have Ved/II).

• What will he have written by 5 o’clock tomorrow?

Вопрос к подлежащему – прямой порядок слов:

• Who will have written a composition by 5 o’clock tomorrow?

The Future Perfect Tense употребляется для выражения будущего действия, которое совершится до определенного момента в будущем. Этот момент может быть указан:

а) словосочетанием с предлогом “by”:

• He will have finished his work by 5 o’clock tomorrow.

• He will have translated the text by that time,

б) другим будущим действием, выраженным глаголом в Present Indefinite, в придаточных предложениях времени и условия:

• He will have written his composition when I return home.

• We will have finished our work if you come at 6 o’clock.

Exercises

Ex. 1. Put the following sentences into the negative form, ask general, disjunctive and special questions.

1. He has already read this book. (who, what) 2. They have just built a new house. (who, what) 3. My friends have translated 3 articles. (who, how many articles) 4. Helen had answered all the letters by 3 o’clock. (who, how many letters) 5. She had written her exercise by half past six. (who, by what time) 6. We will have packed all our things when you come. (who, when) 7. They will have read all the papers by that time. (who, what)

Ex. 2. Use Present, Past or Future Perfect.

1. I (to meet) two of my friends today. 2. He (to write) several letters this week. 3. By next month he (to write) his fourth play. 4. We (to do) our work by 7 o’clock yesterday. 5. Next year we (to be) together for ten years. 6. I (to play) never tennis. 7. We (to finish) the game when you came. 8. The train (to leave) by the time John arrived. 9. You (to translate) all the articles before I come. 10. he understood the book only after he (to read) it again.

Ex. 3. Translate into Russian.

1. No sooner had I come home and switched on the TV set when the figure-skating began. 2. Hardly had we closed the door when a snowstorm broke out. 3. Scarcely had I finished my work when my friends arrived. 4. No sooner had he arrived when the accident took place. 5. Hardly had I read more than the first three chapters when I heard a conversation going on in the next room.

Ex. 4. Use Past Indefinite or Past Perfect.

1. I (to translate) two pages yesterday. 2. By the end of the week they (to translate) the first part of the book. 3. When they (to enter) the theatre the play (to begin). 4. When I (to phone) them they (not to be) ready yet. 5. We (to find) nobody in the house when we (to come) but we (to have) a feeling that somebody (to be) there before. 6 The lady (to open) the door only after I (to tell) her who I (to be) and what I (to want). 7. He (to live) in Paris for a long time and (to know) a lot about the city.

Ex. 5. Use the Future Indefinite, Future Continuous or Future Perfect.

1. I (to do) my homework tomorrow. 2. I (to do) my homework at 6 o’clock tomorrow. 3. I (to do) my homework by 6 o’clock tomorrow. 4. When I come home tomorrow, my family (to have) supper. 5. When you come to my place tomorrow, I (to read) your book. I (to do) my homework by the time you come. 6. I (not to go) to the cinema tomorrow. I (to watch) TV the whole evening. 7. You (to do) this work by next Sunday? 8. Now many pages you (to read) by 5 o’clock? 9. What you (to do) at 6 o’clock tomorrow? 10. Tomorrow I (to begin) doing my homework as soon as I come from school. I (to do) my homework from 3 till 6. My father (to come) home at 7 o’clock tomorrow. I (to do) all my homework by the time he comes, and we (to go) for a walk together.

Ex. 6. Use Present Perfect or Past Indefinite.

1. They __ the company two years ago.

a) started b) have started

2. He __ the Managing Director of the company since 1990.

a) was b) has been

3. We __ the project yet.

a) didn’t finish b) haven’t finished

4. Our company __ a big profit last year.

a) made b) has made

5. He and his wife, Helena, __ married for over 30 years.

a) were b) have been

6. __ you ever __ the Queen of Great Britain?

a) Did … see b) Have … seen

7. I __ back on Monday afternoon.

a) arrived b) have arrived

8. We __ lunch already.

a) had b) have had

9. I __ them lately.

a) saw b) have seen

10. He … to the USA in 1998.

a) went b) have gone

Ex. 7. Use Past Indefinite or Past Perfect

1. We went out after it __ raining.

a) stopped b) had stopped

2. Our company __ the new product at the beginning of May.

a) launched b) had launched

3. He __ French before he entered the university.

a) studied b) had studied

4. When they ___ the performance had already begun.

a) entered b) had entered

5. By 8 o’clock yesterday I __ my homework and at 8 I was playing the piano.

a) did b) had done

6. Yesterday I __ the book which I __ in summer.

a) found, lost b) had found, had lost c) found, had lost d) had found, lost

7. By 2 o’clock the teacher __ all the students.

a) examined b) had examined

Ex. 8. Future Indefinite or Future Perfect

1. By that time I __ from the University. I’m going to work in advertising business.

a) will graduate b) will have graduated

2. We __ the camp by 10 o’clock, I believe.

a) will reach b) will have reached

3. We __ decorating the room before you get back.

a) will finish b) will have finished

4. I hope we __ on holiday next month.

a) will go b) will have gone

5. He ___ the day after tomorrow.

a) will return b) will have returned

6. We __ the answer by next week.

a) will receive b) will have received

7. Someone from the agency __ you at the airport when you arrive in New York.

a) will meet b) will have met

Ex. 9. Translate into English using Present, Past or Future Perfect.

1. Я никогда не был в Германии. 2. Мы только что приехали. 3. Я не видела ее сегодня утром. 4. Он уже уехал в Москву. 5. К концу декабря я сдал все экзамены. 6. К тому времени дети ушли в школу. 7. Он выучил все слова к 5 часам. 8. Они отремонтируют машину к понедельнику. 9. Мы подпишем контракт к 3 часам. 10. К следующему месяцу он напишет четвертую пьесу.

Ex. 10. Answer the following questions using Present Perfect.

1. What book have you read this month? 2. What films have you seen this month? 3. What new places have you visited this year? 4. How many lectures have you missed this week (this term)? 5. How many telephone calls have you made since the beginning of this week? 6. What classes have you had today? 7. How many weeks have you studied this term? 8. How many reports have you made at the seminars so far? 9. What has impressed you most of all this year? 10. Which of your friends haven’t you seen for some time?

Ex. 11. Read the following short story. Pay attention to the usage of the Past Perfect.

After I had sent children to school I went to the market. It was still early when I returned home, so I decided to make some tarts. Hardly had I begun mixing butter and flower when the telephone rang. My hands had already been covered with sticky pastry and nothing could have been more annoying. I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers and was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Mrs Bates. It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later. At last I hung up the receiver. What a mess! There was pastry on my fingers, on the telephone and on the doorknobs. I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead. This time it was the postman and he wanted me to sign for a registered letter.

A. Retell the story in the third person.

B. Tell about your embarrassing experience you have had using the Past Perfect.