- •Затверджено Методичною радою нтуу “кпі”
- •Module 1 text a
- •1. Learn the following words and word combinations:
- •9. Put the questions to the underlined words.
- •10. Communicative situations:
- •11. Summarize and retell the text. Text b welding: introduction
- •1. Learn the new words and word combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Are the following statements about the text true or false? Why?
- •5. Complete the following sentences:
- •6. Find in the text the English equivalents of the following word combinations.
- •7. Chose the correct definition to the word:
- •8. Fill in the gaps with proper prepositions.
- •9. Put the questions to the underline words or word combinations.
- •10. Communicative situations:
- •11. Make up a summary of the text and use it to retell the text. Text c bending, projection, shearing, staking
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following words and word combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Translate from Ukrainian into English.
- •5. Combine the following words to get proper terms:
- •6. Make the nouns from the verbs:
- •7. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
- •8. Fill in the gaps with the proper prepositions.
- •9. Complete the following sentences:
- •Self-assessment module 1
- •4. Give the English equivalents of the words:
- •6. Choose the topic and prepare your mini-presentation:
- •Module 2 text a systems of automatic control of arc welding
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following words and word-combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Are the following statements about the text true or false? Why?
- •5. Complete the following sentences choosing the right word in brackets.
- •6. Put the following words in the correct order.
- •7. Put questions to the following answers:
- •8. Find the English equivalents of the following words:
- •9. Find in the text the sentences with Passive Voice.
- •10. Retell the text. Text b electro-slag welding
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the new words and word combinations:
- •Text c ultrasonic welding
- •Exercises
- •6. Put all possible questions to the following sentences:
- •Self-assessment module 2
- •2.Give the Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and word-combinations:
- •3. Are the following statements true or false?
- •4. Give the definitions to the following words:
- •5. Make up your own sentences using the following words and word combinations:
- •6. Choose the topic and prepare your mini-presentation:
- •Module 3 text a friction stir welding (fsw) of aluminium alloys
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn new words and word combinations:
- •10. Complete the questions on the text.
- •11. Communicative situations:
- •12. Retell the text. Text b plasma
- •Exercises
- •5. Continue the following sentences:
- •6. Fill in the gaps using the following words and word-combinations:
- •7. Find in the text the sentences with Passive Voice.
- •8. Make 10 questions to the text.
- •9. Choose the correct verb form in the following sentences:
- •10. Retell the text. Text c laser welding
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following words and word combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Decide, whether the statements below are true or false. Why?
- •5. Put all possible questions to the sentences.
- •6. Choose the correct definition to the word:
- •7. Fill in the gaps with a proper article.
- •Self-assessment module 3
- •2. Make the verbs from the nouns:
- •3. Give the definitions to the following words:
- •4. Are the following statements true or false?
- •5. Give the Ukrainian equivalents of the words:
- •6. Choose the topic and prepare your mini-presentation:
- •Module 4 text a some aspects of corrosion of high-alloy steel
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following words and word-combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Are the following statements about the text true of false? Why?
- •5. Fill in the gaps using the following words and word-combinations:
- •6. Put all possible questions to the following sentences:
- •7. Complete the following sentences from the text:
- •8. Put the following verbs in the correct form.
- •9. Find in the text the sentences with the modal verbs. Explain them.
- •10. Put ten questions to the text.
- •11. Retell the text. Text b electric welding of soft tissues in surgery
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following words and word combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Combine the following words to receive proper terms:
- •5. Insert the following preposition (in-5,with-2, on-1, by-2, of-4, for-2).
- •6. Give three forms of comparison of the following adjectives:
- •7. Translate from Ukrainian into English.
- •8. Put the verbs in brackets in a proper form.
- •9. Complete the questions on the text.
- •10. Communicative situations:
- •11. Retell the text. Text c thermit welding
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following words and word-combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Are the following statements about the text true or false? Why?
- •5. Fill in the gaps using the following words and word-combinations:
- •6. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to the Participles.
- •Self-assessment module 4
- •2. Give the English equivalents of the following words and word-combinations:
- •3. Are the following statements true or false?
- •4. Read the text. Comment on the advantages and disadvantages of the floating welded mega-structures.
- •5. Choose the topic and prepare your mini-presentation:
- •Appendix
- •2. English proverbs and sayings.
- •Content
9. Find in the text the sentences with the modal verbs. Explain them.
10. Put ten questions to the text.
11. Retell the text. Text b electric welding of soft tissues in surgery
Main drawbacks of the available methods for joining soft tissues in surgical operations are noted. It has been established that under certain conditions it is possible to join incisions in different organs and soft tissues by the method based on heating the joint zone by high-frequency current. This method has much in common with the resistance welding method, that is why it is called welding. Multiple experiments made on animals, and later in clinics, confirmed that the application of welding in surgery is feasible and highly promising. More than 2000 patients were operated in the clinics of Kyiv. Surgical operations are mentioned, which are characterized by the efficient application of welding, and which were verified and mastered by Kyiv clinics.
The most important tasks of modern surgery are development and introduction into clinical practice of new methods of joining organs and tissues, simple to perform for surgeon and favourable for the patient. Existing methods of restoring the continuity of tissue using suture materials, stitching devices, adhesive compositions and other means are imperfect.
Laser welding does not provide the required strength for joints. Laser heating with a protein-based “solder”has a certain potential for application in surgical practice, however, a too complicated technology can impede its wide application.
Electric welding to join incisions of live tissues and organs during surgery was applied for the first time by the team of researchers of Paton Electric Welding Institute (EWI) in cooperation with scientists and specialists of the experimental department of the Institute of Surgery and Transplantology.
First a series of experiments were performed on animals with participation of micro surgeons of “Okhmatdyt”Assosiation.
Operation with application of electric welding tools on man ( joining a stomach wound) for the first time in the clinical practice was made in the Central Clinical Hospital in June, 2000.
Successful performance of 44 operations enabled the Ministry of Health of Ukraine issuing a certificate of registration of the equipment for welding organs and tissues and allowing its clinical application. This equipment is currently applied in several clinics of the city of Kyiv.
It is found that widely used coagulation equipment is not suitable for welding. Scientists of Paton EWI in cooperation with doctors managed to determine the specific requirements for the welding equipment. In addition it was necessary to find the method of self-adjustment of the system of high-frequency power supply. Adjustment of the control system should be performed automatically, without distracting surgeon from performance of his main functions.
A lot of attention was given to the shape of the working surface of the electrodes and the material for their manufacture. The latter should meet the conditions of long-term usage without overheating.
Application of electric welding in operations on the liver and spleen allows energy concentration in strictly localized regions and with it avoiding damage of the main tubular structures.
Usage of welding technologies allows fastening surgery performance by 20 to 40 min. on average, reducing blood loss by approximately 250 ml, and achieving the cost effectiveness due to reducing the cases of application of expensive equipment.
There is no doubt that the fields of rational application of welding will expand in the future. Welding will simplify the operation and will allow it to be performed with better results and less blood loss.