Самостійна робота №3

Тема: Технічний переклад та переказ тексту за фахом: «Автомобілі »

Завдання до самостійної роботи:

1. Скласти словник незнайомих слів (не менше 15 слів )

Наприклад:

Слово	Транскрипція	Переклад
automobile		автомобіль

2. Вивчити слова на пам'ять, вміти вживати їх у мовленні.

3. Перекласти текст української мовою(письмово).

4. Скласти анотацію англійською мовою.

5. Переказувати текст згідно анотації.

«Automobile»

An automobile, usually called a car (an old word for carriage) or a truck, is a wheeled vehicle that carries its own engine. Older terms include horseless carriage and motor car, with "motor" referring to what is now usually called the engine. It has seats for the driver and, almost without exception, for at least one passenger. Automobiles are designed to travel on roads, although some, notably sport utility vehicles, allow off-road driving. Roads and highways are shared with other traffic such as motorcycles, tractor trailers, and farm implements. The typical vehicle has an internal combustion engine, although in 2001, hybrid cars powered by gas-electric hybrid engines began to enter the market. Other vehicles run on electricity and fuel cells, though these are not widely available as of 2004. While most cars have four wheels, three-wheeled automobiles have also been built, but are not common due to stability problems. Some gyro car, two wheeled automobiles have been built as well, using gyroscopic stabilization. There are many classes of car and car body styles. The 1923 Stanley Steam Car Steam-powered self propelled vehicles were devised in the late 18th century. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot successfully demonstrated such a vehicle as early as 1769. The first vehicles were steam engine powered, then electric vehicles were produced by a small number of manufacturers. In the 1890s, ethanol was the first fuel used by cars in the U.S. In 1919, alcohol Prohibition destroyed corn-alcohol stills which many farmers used to make low cost ethanol fuel. Later on gasoline and diesel engines were implemented.

Питання для самоконтролю:

1.What is called automobile?

2. For what aims are automobiles designed for?

3.What parts of the car typical vehicle has?

Рекомендована література:

1. Бгашев В.Н Англійська мова для студентів машино-будівних спеціальностей.-М:Вища школа, 2003.-195с.

2. Ятель Г.П та ін. Англійська мова для студентів технічних вузів .-Київ , 1995

3. Heywood,J.B.Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals.London:McGrau-Hill,1988.

Дидактичне забезпечення: схеми, текст

Самостійна робота №4

Тема: Технічний переклад та переказ тексту за фахом: «Історія виникнення велосипеду»

Завдання до самостійної роботи:

І. Скласти словник незнайомих слів

Наприклад:

Слово	Транскрипція	Переклад
bicycle		велосипед

2. Вивчити слова напам`ять.

3. Перекласти текст української мовою(письмово).

4. Скласти анотацію англійською мовою.

5. Переказувати текст згідно анотації.

«History of the Bicycle»

Many centuries ago, a man could get around either on foot or on the back of animals .Bicycles were developed to add another transportation option that multiplied human efficiency by a factor of approximately five.

But the history of bicycles is very fuzzy. Sources often disagree as to the names of the inventers and the dates of their inventions. Leonardo Da Vinci sketched a facsimile of the modern bicycle in 1490. It was way ahead of its time and , as far as we know , never left the drawing board.

Around 1790 a French craftsman named de Sivrac developed a “Celerifere” running machine , which had two in-lined wheels connected by a beam .The rider straddled the beam and propelled the Celerifere by pushing his on the ground , scooter fashion

In 1817 German Baron Karl von Drais added steering . Several versions appeared around France and England by the early 1800s.

Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick MacMillan developed a rear-drive bike in 1839 using a treadle and rod for the rear drive mechanism .But he lived in the Northern British Isles where people and ideas traveled slowly , so his invention didn’t spread . R.W.Thompson patented a pneumatic tube in 1845. Prior to this invention , bikes had metal wheels.

The French anointed Ernest Michaux “father of the bicycle” , as he and his brother Pierre added cranks and pedals .Their Velocipede started a bicycle boom.The larger front wheel made it faster but less stable . The war of 1812 brought an end to the French bicycle boom .

British engineers were next to pick up the design and improve upon it by adding ball bearings , pneumatic tires, wire-spoked wheels, chain drive, variable gears, and cable controls. Over a twenty – year span, the British brought the bicycle to its present form, thanks mainly to James Starley of the Coventry Sewing Machine Company. In 1885 the Starley Rover safety bike was born, returning wheels to a reasonable size and improving the bike’s stability.

Питання для самоконтролю:

1.Can a men get around by bicycle many centures ago?

2. Did Leonardo Da Vinci sketch a facsimile?

3. When did P.W Thompson patent a pneumatic tube?

Рекомендована література:

1. Бгашев В.Н Англійська мова для студентів машино-будівних спеціальностей.-М:Вища школа, 2003.-195с.-

2. Heywood,J.B.Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals. London: McGrau-Hill,1988.

Дидактичне забезпечення:схеми,таблиці, картки, словники.