Imprison / manage / disappoint / develop / punish / agree / announce / treat / govern / employ

1. The _______ has announced new, higher taxes.

2. ‘Capital _______’ means the death penalty.

3. The company _______ had talks with the workers’ representatives but they couldn’t reach _______.

4. A lot of country people without jobs came to the city to look for _______.

5. He received _________ at the hospital for his injuries.

6. It was a big _________ to hear that you can’t come to our wedding.

7. She was sentenced to three years’ ________.

8. Television programmers were interrupted by a special ________ about the plane crash.

9. I hope that we will soon see the _________ of better relations between our two countries.

37. Make nouns ending in –(a)tion from the following verbs, making any necessary spelling changes. Then put each noun in its correct place in the sentences below.

revolt / repeat / compete / reduce / acquire / pronounce / produce / qualify / solve / introduce

1. There’s a lot of ________ among car manufactures to sell most cars.

2. There are some differences in _________ between British and American English.

3. Is a degree a necessary ________ for this job?

4. _______ of the new sports car has been affected by a fire at the factory.

5. They are trying to find a _______ to the problem.

6. A book sometimes sells better if it has an ________ written by a famous person.

7. The art gallery is very proud of its recent ________ of an important painting.

8. There was a ________. The people rose up and overthrew the government.

9. That must not happen again. There must be no _________ of the incident.

10. That shop is offering a big _______ in the price of its clothes.

1.38 Make nouns ending in –(a)tion from the following verbs, making any necessary spelling changes. Then put each noun in its correct place in the sentences below.

satisfy / oppose / explain / publish / abolish / receive / describe / destroy / deceive / detain

1. The earthquake caused the complete _________ of the village.

2. The party, or parties, against the government is called the ________.

3. He’s finished writing his new book. ________ will be next year.

4. The new film has had a very poor ________ by the critics.

5. She did not get the money honestly and legally. She got it by ________.

6. Many people would like to see the _________ of all nuclear weapons.

7. He had to give his boss an ________ for his absence.

8. Seven illegal immigrants are being help in ________ at the port.

9. His work is well- paid but doesn’t give him much _________.

10. If you send us a _________ of the missing property, we’ll try to find it.

Study: elect + tion = election

1.39 Make nouns from the following verbs by adding –(t)ion to the end. Put each noun in its correct place in the sentences below.

prevent / interrupt / elect / protect / suggest / predict / select / react / invent / addict

1. If I can work all without any ________, I can finish the job by this evening.

2. I can’t make any ________ about the ________ result. I don’t know how the voting will go.

3. What was his ________ to the news? Was he pleased or angry?

4. RSPCA stands for Royal Society for the ________ of Cruelty to Animals.

5. His ________ of a new type of car engine brought him a lot of money.

6. His ________ to drugs nearly killed him.

7. RSPB stands for the Royal Society for the ________ of Birds.

8. What shall we do tomorrow? Swimming? Film? Museum? Has anyone got a better _________?

9. He was delighted by his _________ for the school football team.

UNIT 2 ADJECTIVE-BUILDING SUFFIXES

-ish	Pole red	поляк красный	Polish reddish	польский красноватый
-ive	to act	действовать	active	деятельный
-ent	to differ	различать	different	различный
-ant	to observe	наблюдать	observant	наблюдательный
-ic	base	основа	basic	основной
-al	centre	центр	central	центральный
-ful	peace	мир	peaceful	мирный
-ous	fame	слава	famous	знаменитый
-y	sun	солнце	sunny	солнечный
-ary	element	элемент	elementary	элементарный
-ory	to explain	объяснить	explanatory	объяснительный
-able	to change	изменять	changeable	изменчивый
-ible	access	доступ	accessible	доступный
-less	taste	вкус	tasteless	безвкусный

2.1 Form adjectives from the words by means of the suffix –ful. Translate them.

Model: help – helpful (помощь – полезный)

wonder, use, power, truth, beauty, thank, colour, harm, success, doubt, peace

Study: –ful is often used to indicate quantity e.g. a pocketful (the contents of a pocket) of coins.

2.2 Put each of the following words in its correct place in the sentences below.

houseful / cupful / thankful / handful / mouthful / teaspoonful

1. Put a large ________ of rice in boiling water, then add a little salt, just a ______.

2. At Christmas we had a ________ of visitors.

3. The foreign tourist put a _______ of money in front of the taxi driver and said, “Is this enough?”

4. After just one ________ I knew she was a wonderful cook.

5. A _______ of petrol should take this car over 200 miles.

2.3 Form adjectives from the words by means of the suffix –less. Translate them.

Model: use – useless (использовать – бесполезный)

help, power, motion, weight, air, need, aim, water, colour, fear, taste, home, wind, voice.

2.4 Form adjectives from the words by means of the suffix –al. Translate them.

Model: nature – natural (природа – естественный, природный)

physics, experiment, mathematics, geography, economy, biology, culture, electric, universe.

2.5 Form adjectives from the words by means of the suffix –ous. Translate them.

Model: victory – victorious (победа – победоносный, торжественный)

mountain, monotony, harmony, humour, sanguine, poison, to continue, to vary, danger.

2.6 Form adjectives from the words by means of the suffix –y. Translate them.

Model: sun – sunny (солнце – солнечный)

hill, rain, wind, fog, cloud, fun, laze, health, bog, spice, snow.

2.7 Form adjectives from the words by means of the suffix –able. Translate them.

Model: to change – changeable (изменять – изменчивый)

to vary, to approach, to achieve, to suit, to compare, to break, to notice, reason, to eat, to read, to accept, profit.

2.8 Find the equivalents of the adjectives.

1 почтенный, респектабельный (respect, respectability, respectable, respecter, respectfully, respectfulness)

2 находчивый (resourceful, resourcefulness, resource)

3 непреодолимый (resistant, resistible, resistive, resistivity, resistless, resistor)

4 засушливый (arid, aridity, aridness)

5 ассоциативный, общительный (associate, associated, association, associative)

6 ядовитый (poisoning, poison, poisonous)

Study:

a) –ish sometimes means “with the qualities of” e.g. boyish

2.9 Put each of the following words in its correct place in the sentences below.

childish / girlish / amateurish / piggish / monkish

1 He lives in one small room and he hasn’t many needs. He leads an almost _______ life.

2 He is usually a very fine actor, but last night he was terrible, really ________.

3 He’s nearly eighteen but he still has very _______ attitudes and interests.

4 He behaved very badly at lunch. He really has _______ manners.

5 She still wears rather young, _______ fashions.

Study:

b) –ish often means ‘rather’, ‘about’, ‘more or less’ e.g. yellowish (more or less yellow), eightish (about eight), slowish (rather slow).this use of –ish is colloquial, so is not often used in written English.

2.9 Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage below, in which a man who has witnessed a crime describes to a police officer what he saw.

smallish / sevenish / twentyish / fairish / greenish / darkish / tallish

Well, it happened very quickly, officer. I was just leaving my office. It was fairly late, perhaps (a) _______ and I couldn’t see very well because it was already getting (b) _______. A man came out of the bank. He had (c) _______ hair. His age, well, he was (d) ________ or may be twenty – five. I couldn’t guess his height, but he was (e) ________. He had a suitcase and he got into a car, not a very big one, (f) ________ in fact. The colour? I think it was (g) ________. Sorry I can’t be more exact.

Study: –ful means ‘having’, ‘with’ e.g. careful, colourful

–less means ‘without’ ‘lacking’ e.g. careless, windowless

2.10 Put each of the following words in its correct place in the sentences below.

thoughtful / harmful / successful / friendless / thoughtless / harmless / beautiful / waterless

1. The Sahara Desert is a vast ________ area which runs from east to west across Africa.

2. Smocking is ________ to your health.

3. This present is just what I want and need. How _______ of you.

4. I hope you are ________ in your exams.

5. Don’t be afraid of the dog. He’s ________.

6. It was very ________ of you to play the radio so loud so late at night.

7. She’s very ________. Three artists have painted her.

8. I was alone and ________ in a strange city.